Fatty acid metabolism in the host and commensal bacteria for the control of intestinal immune responses and diseases

• Published in: Gut microbes Vol. 11; no. 3; pp. 276 - 284
• Main Authors: Hosomi, Koji, Kiyono, Hiroshi, Kunisawa, Jun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Taylor & Francis 03.05.2020; Taylor & Francis Group
• Subjects: 178-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (178-EpETE); Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents - metabolism; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - metabolism; Bacteria - metabolism; commensal bacteria; Diet; Fatty Acids - metabolism; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology; Humans; IgA antibody; Immunity, Mucosal; linseed oil; Lipid Metabolism; Palm oil; palmitic acid; Review; sphingolipid; Palm oil; sphingolipid; IgA antibody; 178-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (178-EpETE); commensal bacteria; linseed oil; palmitic acid
• ISSN: 1949-0976; 1949-0984
• DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1612662

Intestinal tissue has a specialized immune system that exhibits an exquisite balance between active and suppressive responses important for the maintenance of health. Intestinal immunity is functionally affected by both diet and gut commensal bacteria. Here, we review the effects of fatty acids on the regulation of intestinal immunity and immunological diseases, revealing that dietary fatty acids and their metabolites play an important role in the regulation of allergy, inflammation, and immunosurveillance in the intestine. Several lines of evidence have revealed that some dietary fatty acids are converted to biologically active metabolites by enzymes not only in the host but also in the commensal bacteria. Thus, biological interaction between diet and commensal bacteria could form the basis of a new era in the control of host immunity and its associated diseases.