Hollow fiber-based liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction followed by flow injection analysis using column-less HPLC for the determination of phenazopyridine in plasma and urine

• Published in: Journal of separation science Vol. 34; no. 14; pp. 1708 - 1715
• Main Authors: Saraji, Mohammad, Bidgoli, Ali Akbar Hajialiakbari, Farajmand, Bahman
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Weinheim WILEY-VCH Verlag 01.07.2011; WILEY‐VCH Verlag; Wiley; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Analgesics; Analgesics - blood; Analgesics - isolation & purification; Analgesics - urine; Analysis; Arrays; Biological and medical sciences; Biological samples; biphenyl; blood; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods; detection limit; Diodes; Extraction; Extraction processes; Fibers; Flow injection analysis; Flow Injection Analysis - methods; General pharmacology; Hafnium; High performance liquid chromatography; Hollow fiber-based liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction; Humans; instrumentation; Ions; isolation & purification; Linearity; Liquid-liquid extraction; Medical sciences; methods; microextraction; mixing; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Phenazopyridine; Phenazopyridine - blood; Phenazopyridine - isolation & purification; Phenazopyridine - urine; Scientific apparatus & instruments; Solid Phase Extraction; Solid Phase Extraction - instrumentation; Solid Phase Extraction - methods; Sulfuric acid; temperature; Urine; Biological fluid; Chemical analysis; Flow injection analysis; HPLC chromatography; Liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction; Hollow fiber-based liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction; Solvent extraction; Biological samples; Blood; Pyridine derivatives; Chemical enrichment; Blood plasma; Sample preparation; Azo dye; Hollow fiber; Diode array; Quantitative analysis; Flow injection; Trace analysis; Human; Urine; Validation; Healthy subject; Oral administration; Phenazopyridine; Diamine; Analgesic; Antipyretic; Ultraviolet visible spectrometry
• ISSN: 1615-9306; 1615-9314; 1615-9314
• DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000929

Hollow fiber‐based liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction (HF‐LLLME) followed by flow injection analysis and diode array detection (FIA‐DAD) was applied as a simple and sensitive quantitative method for the determination of phenazopyridine in urine and plasma samples. Flow injection system included a conventional HPLC system (without a chromatographic column) and a diode array detector. The extraction of phenazopyridine was carried out using diphenyl ether as the organic phase for filling the pores of the hollow fiber wall, and 0.1 M H2SO4 solution as acceptor phase in the lumen of the fiber. The factors affecting the HF‐LLLME and flow injection analysis including type of organic solvent, pH of donor phase, extraction temperature, extraction time, stirring rate, and pH of mobile phase were investigated and the optimal extraction conditions were established. With the consumption of 5 mL of sample solution, the enrichment factor was about 230. The limit of detection was 0.5 μg/L with inter‐ and intra‐day precision being (RSD%) 6.9 and 4.9, respectively. Excellent linearity was found between 5 and 200 μg/L.