模拟降雨条件下作物植株对降雨再分配过程的影响

为系统测定玉米(Zea mays L.)、大豆(Glycine max)、谷子(Setaria italica)和冬小麦(Triticum aestivum Linn.)不同生长阶段的穿透雨、茎秆流和冠层截留,研究采用室内模拟降雨法测定了不同降雨强度、不同叶面积指数作物冠下穿透雨和茎秆流,采用喷雾法测定了作物不同生长阶段的冠层截留。对其进行了量化分析,并探讨了3者与作物叶面积指数和降雨强度的关系。结果表明:在40和80 mm/h降雨强度下降雨30 min,玉米、大豆、谷子和冬小麦冠下穿透雨率分别平均为65.15%、85.52%、80.05%和72.18%;在40和80 mm/h降雨强度下降雨1...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in农业工程学报 Vol. 30; no. 16; pp. 136 - 146
Main Author 马波 马璠 李占斌 吴发启
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所,银川 750002%中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌,712100%西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌,712100 2014
西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌 712100%西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌 712100
中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌 712100
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1002-6819
DOI10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.16.019

Cover

More Information
Summary:为系统测定玉米(Zea mays L.)、大豆(Glycine max)、谷子(Setaria italica)和冬小麦(Triticum aestivum Linn.)不同生长阶段的穿透雨、茎秆流和冠层截留,研究采用室内模拟降雨法测定了不同降雨强度、不同叶面积指数作物冠下穿透雨和茎秆流,采用喷雾法测定了作物不同生长阶段的冠层截留。对其进行了量化分析,并探讨了3者与作物叶面积指数和降雨强度的关系。结果表明:在40和80 mm/h降雨强度下降雨30 min,玉米、大豆、谷子和冬小麦冠下穿透雨率分别平均为65.15%、85.52%、80.05%和72.18%;在40和80 mm/h降雨强度下降雨10~20 min,4种茎秆流率分别平均为34.59%、13.58%、19.42%和26.34%;在0.3 mm/min喷雾强度下,作物冠层截留量相对较小,冠层截留率分别为0.26%、0.90%、0.53%和1.48%。随作物生长,穿透雨量逐渐降低,茎秆流量和冠层截留量逐渐增加。降雨强度与穿透雨量和茎秆流量呈正相关关系,但是2者占总降雨量的比例与降雨强度关系不显著(p>0.05)。随着作物生长,穿透雨冠下空间分布由均匀逐渐趋向于不均匀,具有趋于向行中汇集的趋势。该研究揭示了黄土高原地区主要作物对降雨的再分配作用特征,可为农田水分有效利用和坡耕地土壤侵蚀防治提供理论依据。
Bibliography:11-2047/S
Crop canopy greatly affects the distribution of rainfall or irrigation water in the canopy and topsoil, thus potentially causing uneven distribution of surface soil water content and altering water use efficiency. Rainfall and sprinkler irrigation water are partitioned into four components as it passes through the plant canopy:throughfall, stemflow, interception storage, and in-canopy evaporation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of crop canopy on the redistribution of rainfall. The simulated rainfall was used to measure soybean canopy stemflow and throughfall, and a spray method was used to observe canopy interception. In order to measure throughfall, stemflow, and interception storage at different times during the growing season of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max), millet (Setaria italic) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.), the throughfall and stemflow were measured indoors during simulated rainfall events with different leaf area indexes (LAI) under different rainfall in
ISSN:1002-6819
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.16.019