混流式水轮机主轴中心孔补水对尾水管性能的影响

混流式水轮机在低负荷工况下运行时,尾水管内出现旋转的偏心涡带,会引起强烈的压力脉动和振动,严重威胁厂房的安全。为了使机组稳定运行,该文提出了一种通过从上冠泄水锥引入高压补水的方法来降低尾水管的不稳定性。该文首先采用商业软件CFX16.0,对某电站混流式水轮机在低负荷工况下进行了可靠而准确的全三维非定常数值模拟,结果表明在该工况下尾水管内部存在明显的偏心涡带,并伴随着振幅较大的压力脉动,这与试验结果相吻合。其次,对该工况下不同补水流量进行了数值模拟计算,研究表明:尾水管内补高压水可以有效降低尾水管内部的流动损失,且随着补水量的增加而越小,但过大的补水量会引起叶片正背面压力的降低,影响水轮机的空化...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in农业工程学报 Vol. 33; no. 3; pp. 58 - 64
Main Author 冯建军 李文锋 席强 朱国俊 罗兴锜
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 西安理工大学水利水电学院,西安,710048 2017
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1002-6819
DOI10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.03.008

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Summary:混流式水轮机在低负荷工况下运行时,尾水管内出现旋转的偏心涡带,会引起强烈的压力脉动和振动,严重威胁厂房的安全。为了使机组稳定运行,该文提出了一种通过从上冠泄水锥引入高压补水的方法来降低尾水管的不稳定性。该文首先采用商业软件CFX16.0,对某电站混流式水轮机在低负荷工况下进行了可靠而准确的全三维非定常数值模拟,结果表明在该工况下尾水管内部存在明显的偏心涡带,并伴随着振幅较大的压力脉动,这与试验结果相吻合。其次,对该工况下不同补水流量进行了数值模拟计算,研究表明:尾水管内补高压水可以有效降低尾水管内部的流动损失,且随着补水量的增加而越小,但过大的补水量会引起叶片正背面压力的降低,影响水轮机的空化性能,故补水量的大小必须综合考虑;主轴中心孔高压补水可以增加转轮出口的轴向速度,从而改变涡带内速度场的分布,可有效消除回流现象,当补水流量过小时,抑制回流作用不明显;当补水量为进口流量1%时,尾水管内部压力脉动振幅变化不大,改善效果不明显;当补水量为进口流量3%时,尾水管内部涡带由双螺旋变成单螺旋,锥管段压力脉动振幅不减反增,不稳定性有所加剧;当补水量为进口流量5%时,尾水管内部压力脉动振幅从18.4%降低至1.63%,同时改变了压力脉动的主频,使其远离转轮主频,避免发生共振,提高了机组的稳定性。
Bibliography:vibrations; computer simulation; models; hydraulic turbine; runner; stability; water supply; pressure fluctuation
11-2047/S
Feng Jianjun, Li Wenfeng, Xi Qiang, Zhu Guojun, Luo Xingqi (Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi 'an University of Technology, Xi 'an 710048, China)
Low load operation of hydropower station refers to an abnormal working condition in which a hydraulic turbineoperates under small guide vane opening. If the turbine operates under low load condition for a long time, it will affect notonly the performance of the turbine, but also the stability of the whole power station and even the power system. Practiceshows that, when operating under low load condition, the rotating eccentric vortex causes strong pressure fluctuation andvibration to appear in the draft tube, and threatens the safety of the plant. Generally, injecting air to draft tube is one of themost widely used methods to improve pressure fluctuation at present, but it may cause some acoustic effects. This paperp
ISSN:1002-6819
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.03.008