What's Normal? Immune Profiling of Human Milk from Healthy Women Living in Different Geographical and Socioeconomic Settings
Human milk provides a very wide range of nutrients and bioactive components, including immune factors, human milk oligosaccharides, and a commensal microbiota. These factors are essential for interconnected processes including immunity programming and the development of a normal infant gastrointesti...
Saved in:
Published in | Frontiers in immunology Vol. 8; no. JUN; p. 696 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
30.06.2017
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Summary: | Human milk provides a very wide range of nutrients and bioactive components, including immune factors, human milk oligosaccharides, and a commensal microbiota. These factors are essential for interconnected processes including immunity programming and the development of a normal infant gastrointestinal microbiome. Newborn immune protection mostly relies on maternal immune factors provided through milk. However, studies dealing with an in-depth profiling of the different immune compounds present in human milk and with the assessment of their natural variation in healthy women from different populations are scarce. In this context, the objective of this work was the detection and quantification of a wide array of immune compounds, including innate immunity factors (IL1β, IL6, IL12, INFγ, TNFα), acquired immunity factors (IL2, IL4, IL10, IL13, IL17), chemokines (IL8, Groα, MCP1, MIP1β), growth factors [IL5, IL7, epidermal growth factor (EGF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, TGFβ2], and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM), in milk produced by healthy women of different ethnicities living in different geographic, dietary, socioeconomic, and environmental settings. Among the analyzed factors, IgA, IgG, IgM, EGF, TGFβ2, IL7, IL8, Groα, and MIP1β were detected in all or most of the samples collected in each population and, therefore, this specific set of compounds might be considered as the "core" soluble immune factors in milk produced by healthy women worldwide. This approach may help define which immune factors are (or are not) common in milk produced by women living in various conditions, and to identify host, lifestyle, and environmental factors that affect the immunological composition of this complex biological fluid.
www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02670278. |
---|---|
Bibliography: | Specialty section: This article was submitted to Nutritional Immunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology Edited by: Caroline Elizabeth Childs, University of Southampton, United Kingdom Reviewed by: Alberto Finamore, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Food and Nutrition Research Center, Italy; Ian Antheni Myles, National Institutes of Health, United States; Francisco José Pérez-Cano, University of Barcelona, Spain These authors have contributed equally to this work. |
ISSN: | 1664-3224 1664-3224 |
DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00696 |