Quantifying intracellular trafficking of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles in live single cells by site-specific direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy

• Published in: Journal of nanobiotechnology Vol. 19; no. 1; p. 398
• Main Authors: Chakkarapani, Suresh Kumar, Shin, Tae Hwan, Lee, Seungah, Park, Kyung-Soo, Lee, Gwang, Kang, Seong Ho
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 29.11.2021; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Animals; Antibiotics; Biocompatibility; Biological Transport - physiology; Biomedical materials; Cell interaction; Chemical properties; Cobalt; Contrast agents; Drug delivery; Drug delivery systems; Drugs; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Intracellular; Intracellular Space - chemistry; Intracellular Space - metabolism; Isothiocyanate; Laboratory animals; Live cell analysis; Liver; Localization; Magnetic nanoparticle; Magnetic properties; Magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetite Nanoparticles - analysis; Magnetite Nanoparticles - chemistry; Medical research; Mice; Microarray; Micronuclei; Microscope and microscopy; Microscopy; Microscopy - methods; Molecular biology; Nanoparticles; NIH 3T3 Cells; Nuclei (cytology); Optical properties; Pharmaceutical research; Quantitative analysis; RAW 264.7 Cells; Reconstruction; Rhodamine; Sensitivity analysis; Silica; Silicon dioxide; Silicon Dioxide - analysis; Silicon Dioxide - chemistry; Silicon Dioxide - metabolism; Single-Cell Analysis - methods; Single-particle tracking; Spatial discrimination; Spatial resolution; Stochasticity; Super-resolution microscopy; Toxicity; Transcriptomics; Vehicles; South Korea; St Louis Missouri; United States > US; Grand Island New York; Magnetic nanoparticle; Super-resolution microscopy; Single-particle tracking; Microarray; Live cell analysis
• ISSN: 1477-3155; 1477-3155
• DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01147-1

Nanoparticles have been used for biomedical applications, including drug delivery, diagnosis, and imaging based on their unique properties derived from small size and large surface-to-volume ratio. However, concerns regarding unexpected toxicity due to the localization of nanoparticles in the cells are growing. Herein, we quantified the number of cell-internalized nanoparticles and monitored their cellular localization, which are critical factors for biomedical applications of nanoparticles. This study investigates the intracellular trafficking of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles containing rhodamine B isothiocyanate dye [MNPs@SiO (RITC)] in various live single cells, such as HEK293, NIH3T3, and RAW 264.7 cells, using site-specific direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). The time-dependent subdiffraction-limit spatial resolution of the dSTORM method allowed intracellular site-specific quantification and tracking of MNPs@SiO (RITC). The MNPs@SiO (RITC) were observed to be highly internalized in RAW 264.7 cells, compared to the HEK293 and NIH3T3 cells undergoing single-particle analysis. In addition, MNPs@SiO (RITC) were internalized within the nuclei of RAW 264.7 and HEK293 cells but were not detected in the nuclei of NIH3T3 cells. Moreover, because of the treatment of the MNPs@SiO (RITC), more micronuclei were detected in RAW 264.7 cells than in other cells. The sensitive and quantitative evaluations of MNPs@SiO (RITC) at specific sites in three different cells using a combination of dSTORM, transcriptomics, and molecular biology were performed. These findings highlight the quantitative differences in the uptake efficiency of MNPs@SiO (RITC) and ultra-sensitivity, varying according to the cell types as ascertained by subdiffraction-limit super-resolution microscopy.