Effects of wheat bran extract rich in arabinoxylan oligosaccharides and resistant starch on overnight glucose tolerance and markers of gut fermentation in healthy young adults

• Published in: European journal of nutrition Vol. 55; no. 4; pp. 1661 - 1670
• Main Authors: Boll, Elin V. Johansson, Ekström, Linda M. N. K., Courtin, Christophe M., Delcour, Jan A., Nilsson, Anne C., Björck, Inger M. E., Östman, Elin M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.06.2016; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Agricultural and Veterinary sciences; Agricultural Science, Forestry and Fisheries; Agricultural Sciences; Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; Appetite; arabinoxylan; Biomarkers - blood; blood; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Body Mass Index; Bread - analysis; breads; Breakfast; Breath Tests; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Cross-Over Studies; dietary fiber; Dietary Fiber - analysis; digestive system; dose response; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood; Fatty Acids, Volatile - blood; Female; Fermentation; Flour - analysis; Food Science; Food Science (including Product Quality); Food, Fortified; free fatty acids; Gastrointestinal Tract - metabolism; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood; Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 - blood; glucagon-like peptides; glucose; Glucose Intolerance - blood; glucose tolerance; Humans; hydrogen; insulin; Insulin - blood; Insulin Resistance; Jordbruk, skogsbruk och fiske; Lantbruksvetenskap och veterinärmedicin; Lantbruksvetenskap, skogsbruk och fiske; Livsmedelsvetenskap; Livsmedelsvetenskap (Här ingår: Produktkvalitet); Male; Nutrition; oligosaccharides; Oligosaccharides - chemistry; Original Contribution; Postprandial Period; Prebiotics; resistant starch; short chain fatty acids; Starch - chemistry; wheat bran; wheat flour; Xylans - analysis; Young Adult; young adults; Glucose tolerance; Healthy subjects; Overnight; Resistant starch; Arabinoxylan oligosaccharides; Gut fermentation
• ISSN: 1436-6207; 1436-6215; 1436-6215
• DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0985-z

Purpose Specific combinations of dietary fiber (DF) have been observed to result in improved glucose tolerance at a subsequent standardized breakfast. Arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) are considered as DF with prebiotic potential, but so far no studies have investigated their metabolic effects in humans. This randomized cross-over study evaluated the overnight impact of breads containing AXOS-rich wheat bran extract and resistant starch (RS, Hi-Maize), separately or combined, on glucose tolerance, related metabolic parameters and markers of gut fermentation in healthy subjects. Methods Evening reference and test products were: (1) reference white wheat flour bread (WWB), WWB supplemented with (2) AXOS and RS (WWB + AXOS + RS), (3) an increased content of either AXOS (WWB +  hi AXOS) or (4) RS (WWB +  hi RS). At the subsequent standardized breakfast, blood was sampled for 3 h to monitor glucose, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and GLP-2. Breath hydrogen (H 2 ) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were measured as markers of gut fermentation, and subjective appetite was rated using visual analog scales. Results Dose-dependent decreases in glucose responses were observed with increased AXOS over the duration of 3 h. Insulin sensitivity index was improved in the morning after the WWB +  hi AXOS evening meal. An increase in breath H 2 concentration and circulating SCFA was observed in the morning after both evening meals containing AXOS. Conclusion The present study indicates that AXOS have the potential of improving glucose tolerance in an overnight perspective and suggested mechanisms are improved insulin sensitivity and increased gut fermentation.