Engineering nanoparticles to reprogram radiotherapy and immunotherapy: recent advances and future challenges

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been increasingly studied for radiosensitization. The principle of NPs radio-enhancement is to use high-atomic number NPs (e.g. gold, hafnium, bismuth and gadolinium) or deliver radiosensitizing substances, such as cisplatin and selenium. Nowadays, cancer immunotherapy is em...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of nanobiotechnology Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 75 - 17
Main Authors Jin, Jing, Zhao, Qijie
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BioMed Central Ltd 14.05.2020
BioMed Central
BMC
Subjects
Animals
Antibodies
Apoptosis
Atomic properties
Bismuth
Cancer
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer therapies
Cancer treatment
Cell cycle
Cell Line, Tumor
Cisplatin
Cooperation
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA damage
Drug dosages
Gadolinium
Hafnium
Humans
Immune checkpoint
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Immunomodulators
Immunotherapy
Ionizing radiation
Metastasis
Mice
Nanomaterials
Nanomedicine
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Neoplasms - therapy
Permeability
Radiation therapy
Radiosensitization
Radiotherapy
Rare earth metal compounds
Retention
Review
Selenium
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Tumors
Nanoparticles
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy
Radiotherapy
Immunotherapy
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Summary:Nanoparticles (NPs) have been increasingly studied for radiosensitization. The principle of NPs radio-enhancement is to use high-atomic number NPs (e.g. gold, hafnium, bismuth and gadolinium) or deliver radiosensitizing substances, such as cisplatin and selenium. Nowadays, cancer immunotherapy is emerged as a promising treatment and immune checkpoint regulation has a potential property to improve clinical outcomes in cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, NPs have been served as an ideal platform for immunomodulator system delivery. Owing to enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, modified-NPs increase the targeting and retention of antibodies in target cells. The purpose of this review is to highlight the latest progress of nanotechnology in radiotherapy (RT) and immunotherapy, as well as combining these three strategies in cancer treatment. Overall, nanomedicine as an effective strategy for RT can significantly enhance the outcome of immunotherapy response and might be beneficial for clinical transformation.
ISSN:1477-3155
1477-3155
DOI:10.1186/s12951-020-00629-y