花铃期棉花对地下水埋深和高温的响应及排渍指标确定

为了探究高温胁迫下棉花对不同地下水埋深的响应差异,并在此基础上提出适宜的排渍指标,2012-2013年利用自动调控地下水位的测坑,在花铃期设置地下水埋深0、30、50 cm(持续受渍10 d),同时进行连续6 d的高温处理,观测棉花主要表观形态特征、生理代谢指标及产量。结果表明:地下水埋深0和30 cm降低了棉花株高,增加了主茎复合红绿比,而高温胁迫对二者影响不明显。高温胁迫下,地下水埋深越浅,倒4叶叶绿素含量和光系统II潜在光化学转换效率越低,其关系可用线性关系模型描述,且地下水埋深〈80 cm的累计值对二者的影响居首,高温胁迫次之。地下水埋深处理过程中,倒4叶超氧物歧化酶(superoxi...

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Published in农业工程学报 Vol. 31; no. 19; pp. 120 - 127
Main Author 杨威 朱建强 吴启侠 王曾桢 叶浩 程伦国
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 长江大学农学院,荆州,434025%长江大学农学院,荆州 434025 2015
长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,荆州 434025%长江大学生命科学学院,荆州,434025%湖北省荆州市四湖工程管理局排灌试验站,荆州,434125
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Summary:为了探究高温胁迫下棉花对不同地下水埋深的响应差异,并在此基础上提出适宜的排渍指标,2012-2013年利用自动调控地下水位的测坑,在花铃期设置地下水埋深0、30、50 cm(持续受渍10 d),同时进行连续6 d的高温处理,观测棉花主要表观形态特征、生理代谢指标及产量。结果表明:地下水埋深0和30 cm降低了棉花株高,增加了主茎复合红绿比,而高温胁迫对二者影响不明显。高温胁迫下,地下水埋深越浅,倒4叶叶绿素含量和光系统II潜在光化学转换效率越低,其关系可用线性关系模型描述,且地下水埋深〈80 cm的累计值对二者的影响居首,高温胁迫次之。地下水埋深处理过程中,倒4叶超氧物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性先升高后降低,过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性持续降低,丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量急剧增加。地下水埋深处于0和30 cm时,高温胁迫加剧了棉花膜脂过氧化反应程度,叶片SOD和POD活性更低,MDA含量更高,但增强了棉花在地下水埋深50 cm的抗逆能力。地下水埋深处理、高温胁迫及其复胁迫主要通过减少单株成铃数、单铃质量使棉花产量降低,而对衣分含量影响普遍不明显。从整体减产程度来看,地下水埋深处理+高温胁迫(33.7%)〉地下水埋深处理(26.2%)〉高温胁迫(7.5%)。若以允许棉花产量减少15%~20%为排渍标准,假设在地下水埋深处理过程中连续出现6 d、每天近6 h的高温天气,则棉花花铃期地下水埋深〈80 cm的累计值为216.0~321.2 cm·d。研究可为湖北平原湖区及类似地区棉田排水管理提供科学参考。
Bibliography:11-2047/S
drainage; cotton; soil moisture; groundwater table; heat stress; flowering and boll-forming period; physiological response; yield
Cotton production is frequently limited by periods of subsurface waterlogging and heat stress in Hubei plain area of China in summer, but the combined effects of surface waterlogging and heat stress on cotton have been rarely studied. In order to investigate the effects of groundwater table(WT) on main morph-physiological traits and yield of cotton under high temperature(HT) condition as well as determination of drainage index, the combination of WT and HT stresses was carried out by test-pit in Irrigation and Drainage Experimental Station of the Four Lake Engineering Management Bureau, Jingzhou, China in 2012 and 2013. WT were set as 0, 30 and 50 cm with waterlogging for 10 days and HT duration for 6 days(from 10:00 to 16:00 per day) during flowering and boll-forming period of cotton. The morphological indexes as plant height(PH) and complex ratio of red stem to green stem
ISSN:1002-6819
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.19.017