聚丙烯酰胺对凹凸型坡土壤侵蚀影响的室内试验

通过室内人工模拟降雨试验,研究了聚丙烯酰胺（polyacrylamide,PAM）施用量（0、0.5、1.0和2.0 g/m2）对凸型坡（上、下坡坡度分别为5°、10°、15°和20°、25°）和凹型坡（上、下坡坡度分别为20°、25°和5°、10°、15°）土壤侵蚀规律的影响。结果显示,无PAM应用时,凹型坡或小坡度凸型坡（上坡坡度为5°）径流含沙量随降雨历时逐渐减小,而大坡度凸型坡（上坡坡度≥10°）径流含沙量在降雨过程中会急剧增大。凸型坡平均土壤流失量是凹型坡的8.4倍。PAM应用显著增大了凹型坡和小坡度凸型坡径流含沙量和土壤流失量（P〈0.05）,但减小了大坡度凸型坡土壤流失量。PAM...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in农业工程学报 Vol. 32; no. 10; pp. 122 - 128
Main Author 吕威 李淑芹 李法虎 雷廷武
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 2016
中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京,100083%中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083
Subjects
侵蚀
含沙量
土壤
坡型
复合坡
径流
聚丙烯酰胺
坡型
侵蚀
slope type
含沙量
runoff
composite slope
土壤
聚丙烯酰胺
径流
erosion
soils
polyacrylamide
复合坡
sediments
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Summary:通过室内人工模拟降雨试验,研究了聚丙烯酰胺（polyacrylamide,PAM）施用量（0、0.5、1.0和2.0 g/m2）对凸型坡（上、下坡坡度分别为5°、10°、15°和20°、25°）和凹型坡（上、下坡坡度分别为20°、25°和5°、10°、15°）土壤侵蚀规律的影响。结果显示,无PAM应用时,凹型坡或小坡度凸型坡（上坡坡度为5°）径流含沙量随降雨历时逐渐减小,而大坡度凸型坡（上坡坡度≥10°）径流含沙量在降雨过程中会急剧增大。凸型坡平均土壤流失量是凹型坡的8.4倍。PAM应用显著增大了凹型坡和小坡度凸型坡径流含沙量和土壤流失量（P〈0.05）,但减小了大坡度凸型坡土壤流失量。PAM应用后,土壤流失量与坡度大小无明显关系,此时凸型坡平均土壤流失量为凹型坡的1.2倍。在生产实践中PAM可用于控制较陡（≥10°）凸型坡的土壤流失。
Bibliography:11-2047/S
LO Wei, Li Shuqin, Li Fahu, Lei Tingwu （1. College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China A gricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, China Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China）
soils; erosion; runoff; sediments; composite slope; polyacrylamide; slope type
The effects of polyacrylamide（PAM） application rate on composite slope were carried out under simulated rainfall condition in the laboratory. The composite slope included convex and concave slopes. The upslope and down slope gradients of convex slope respectively were 5°, 10°, 15° and 20°, 25°, and those of concave slope were 20°, 25° and 5°, 10°,15°. Polyacrylamide application rates were 0（control）, 5, 10, and 20 kg/hm2. Total treatment numbers were 48. Results showed that under no PAM application, sediment concentration in runoff on concave slope or the convex slope with a small upslope gradient（5°） was decreasing gradually with rainfall duration, but
ISSN:1002-6819
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.10.017