柠条秸秆和地膜覆盖对土壤水分和玉米产量的影响
为了探讨北方农牧交错带不同保墒措施下旱地玉米的土壤水分特征及其对产量的影响,以甘农118为试验材料,监测了单膜(SFP)、双膜(DFP)、柠条秸秆沟埋(CPDP)和裸地(CK)4种不同处理下0~100 cm土壤水分季节变化、垂直变化及年际变化,测定了玉米产量和水分利用效率。结果表明:SFP和DFP处理明显改善0~40 cm土层土壤体积含水率,较CK处理保墒效果提高35.65%~47.91%,但随着玉米生育期的推进,由于玉米生长耗水和土壤蒸发作用,建植后土壤体积含水率均接近或低于萎蔫系数(7.20%)。连续2 a种植玉米4种处理土壤贮水量均有不同程度的减少,CPDP和CK处理土壤贮水量分别减少了...
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Published in | 农业工程学报 Vol. 31; no. 2; pp. 108 - 116 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | Chinese |
Published |
宁夏大学 西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室、西北土地退化与生态恢复省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地、西部生态与生物资源开发联合研究中心,银川,750021
2015
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 1002-6819 |
DOI | 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.02.016 |
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Summary: | 为了探讨北方农牧交错带不同保墒措施下旱地玉米的土壤水分特征及其对产量的影响,以甘农118为试验材料,监测了单膜(SFP)、双膜(DFP)、柠条秸秆沟埋(CPDP)和裸地(CK)4种不同处理下0~100 cm土壤水分季节变化、垂直变化及年际变化,测定了玉米产量和水分利用效率。结果表明:SFP和DFP处理明显改善0~40 cm土层土壤体积含水率,较CK处理保墒效果提高35.65%~47.91%,但随着玉米生育期的推进,由于玉米生长耗水和土壤蒸发作用,建植后土壤体积含水率均接近或低于萎蔫系数(7.20%)。连续2 a种植玉米4种处理土壤贮水量均有不同程度的减少,CPDP和CK处理土壤贮水量分别减少了68.42和68.07 mm,其次为SFP(53.49 mm),DFP减少最小(48.98 mm),说明研究区内玉米生长需要消耗大量土壤水分。SFP和DFP能够增加玉米对降雨和土壤水的利用,不同年份产量水分利用效率较CK处理分别提高12.55%~35.71%和25.11%~54.70%。SFP和DFP耗水量、产量和水分利用效率均无显著差异(P>0.05),因此建议在研究区种植玉米时可以采取SFP措施,而CPDP耗水量较高、产量和水分利用效率相对较低,不宜采取此种保墒措施。 |
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Bibliography: | Key Lab. for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in North-Western China of Minlistry of Education/Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of North-western China~Union Research Center for Ecology and Exploitation of Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China 11-2047/S How to effectively use water and steadily increase crop productivity in arid and semi-arid region has become the focus of attention. It is well known that soil evaporation does little effect on the formation of crop biomass and yield, so reducing soil evaporation is important for improving water use efficiency and agricultural water saving management. Plastic film mulching and straw mulching are effective drought-resistant practices to produce higher crop yield and improve water use efficiency in arid and semi-arid region (Yanchi country, Ningxia Province, China). However, their influences on inter-annual and seasonal dynamics of soil wate |
ISSN: | 1002-6819 |
DOI: | 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.02.016 |