Effects of Diet Soda on Gut Hormones in Youths With Diabetes

• Published in: Diabetes care Vol. 35; no. 5; pp. 959 - 964
• Main Authors: Brown, Rebecca J, Walter, Mary, Rother, Kristina I
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Alexandria, VA American Diabetes Association 01.05.2012
• Subjects: acesulfame potassium; Adolescent; Adult; adverse effects; Analysis; Artificial sweeteners; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose - drug effects; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Bottled water industry; c-peptide; C-Peptide - metabolism; Carbonated Beverages; Carbonated Beverages - adverse effects; Carbonates; Child; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus - metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Diabetics; Diet; Diet therapy; digestive system; drug effects; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance; Female; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide - metabolism; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gastrointestinal Hormones - metabolism; glucagon-like peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - metabolism; Glucose; Glucose - pharmacology; Hormones; Humans; ingestion; Insulin; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; Male; Medical sciences; Metabolic diseases; metabolism; Miscellaneous; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; nutrients; Original Research; patients; Peptide YY; Peptide YY - metabolism; Peptides; pharmacology; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; secretion; Sucralose; Teenagers; Type 2 diabetes; Young Adult; Youth; Endocrinopathy; Human; Hormone; Nutrition; Digestive system; Diabetes mellitus; Gut; Metabolic diseases; Feeding; Carbonated beverage; Diet; Adolescent; Endocrinology
• ISSN: 0149-5992; 1935-5548; 1935-5548
• DOI: 10.2337/dc11-2424

OBJECTIVE: In patients with type 2 diabetes, but not type 1 diabetes, abnormal secretion of incretins in response to oral nutrients has been described. In healthy youths, we recently reported accentuated glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in response to a diet soda sweetened with sucralose and acesulfame-K. In this study, we examined the effect of diet soda on gut hormones in youths with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects aged 12–25 years with type 1 diabetes (n = 9) or type 2 diabetes (n = 10), or healthy control participants (n = 25) drank 240 mL cola-flavored caffeine-free diet soda or carbonated water, followed by a 75-g glucose load, in a randomized, cross-over design. Glucose, C-peptide, GLP-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and peptide Tyr-Tyr (PYY) were measured for 180 min. Glucose and GLP-1 have previously been reported for the healthy control subjects. RESULTS: GLP-1 area under the curve (AUC) was 43% higher after ingestion of diet soda versus carbonated water in individuals with type 1 diabetes (P = 0.020), similar to control subjects (34% higher, P = 0.029), but was unaffected by diet soda in patients with type 2 diabetes (P = 0.92). Glucose, C-peptide, GIP, and PYY AUC were not statistically different between the two conditions in any group. CONCLUSIONS: Ingestion of diet soda before a glucose load augmented GLP-1 secretion in type 1 diabetic and control subjects but not type 2 diabetic subjects. GIP and PYY secretion were not affected by diet soda. The clinical significance of this increased GLP-1 secretion, and its absence in youths with type 2 diabetes, needs to be determined.