Confinement induces actin flow in a meiotic cytoplasm

In vivo, F-actin flows are observed at different cell life stages and participate in various developmental processes during asymmetric divisions in vertebrate oocytes, cell migration, or wound healing. Here, we show that confinement has a dramatic effect on F-actin spatiotemporal organization. We re...

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Published inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 109; no. 29; pp. 11705 - 11710
Main Authors Pinot, Mathieu, Steiner, Villier, Dehapiot, Benoit, Yoo, Byung-Kuk, Chesnel, Franck, Blanchoin, Laurent, Kervrann, Charles, Gueroui, Zoher
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States National Academy of Sciences 17.07.2012
National Acad Sciences
Subjects
actin
Actins
Actins - metabolism
Animals
Biochemistry, Molecular Biology
Biological Sciences
Biophysics
Broken symmetry
Cell adhesion & migration
Cell cycle
Cell division
cell movement
Cells
Cellular Biology
cytoplasm
Cytoplasm - metabolism
Development Biology
Eggs
Enzyme kinetics
Flow velocity
Frogs
image analysis
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
in vitro studies
In Vitro Techniques
Kinetics
Life Sciences
Meiosis - physiology
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Nucleation
Oocytes
polymerization
Proteins
tissue repair
Trajectories
Velocity distribution
vertebrates
Xenopus
Xenopus - metabolism
Xenopus - physiology
cytoskeleton
self-organization
symmetry breaking
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Summary:In vivo, F-actin flows are observed at different cell life stages and participate in various developmental processes during asymmetric divisions in vertebrate oocytes, cell migration, or wound healing. Here, we show that confinement has a dramatic effect on F-actin spatiotemporal organization. We reconstitute in vitro the spontaneous generation of F-actin flow using Xenopus meiotic extracts artificially confined within a geometry mimicking the cell boundary. Perturbations of actin polymerization kinetics or F-actin nucleation sites strongly modify the network flow dynamics. A combination of quantitative image analysis and biochemical perturbations shows that both spatial localization of F-actin nucleators and actin turnover play a decisive role in generating flow. Interestingly, our in vitro assay recapitulates several symmetry-breaking processes observed in oocytes and early embryonic cells.
Bibliography:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1121583109
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Author contributions: M.P. and Z.G. designed research; M.P., V.S., B.D., B.-K.Y., C.K., and Z.G. performed research; F.C., L.B., and C.K. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; M.P., V.S., B.D., B.-K.Y., F.C., L.B., C.K., and Z.G. analyzed data; and M.P. and Z.G. wrote the paper.
Edited by Claudia Veigel, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany, and accepted by the Editorial Board June 4, 2012 (received for review January 4, 2012)
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1121583109