Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging biomaterials for anti-inflammatory diseases: from mechanism to therapy

• Published in: Journal of hematology and oncology Vol. 16; no. 1; p. 116
• Main Authors: Liu, Jiatong, Han, Xiaoyue, Zhang, Tingyue, Tian, Keyue, Li, Zhaoping, Luo, Feng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 30.11.2023; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Anti-inflammation; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-inflammatory drugs; Antioxidants; Biocompatible Materials - therapeutic use; Biological products; Biomaterials; Biomedical materials; Catalysis; Cell signaling; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Defense; Defensive behavior; Enzymes; Hematology; Homeostasis; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammatory disease; Inflammatory diseases; Kinases; Lipids; Macromolecules; Nucleic acids; Oncology; Oxidation; Oxidative Stress - physiology; Pathogens; Physiological aspects; Physiology; Proteins; Proteins - metabolism; Reactive oxygen species; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Review; Signal transduction; Signaling pathways; Uric acid; Signaling pathways; Reactive oxygen species; Anti-inflammation; Biomaterials; Inflammatory disease
• ISSN: 1756-8722; 1756-8722
• DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01512-7

Inflammation is a fundamental defensive response to harmful stimuli, but the overactivation of inflammatory responses is associated with most human diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a class of chemicals that are generated after the incomplete reduction of molecular oxygen. At moderate levels, ROS function as critical signaling molecules in the modulation of various physiological functions, including inflammatory responses. However, at excessive levels, ROS exert toxic effects and directly oxidize biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, further exacerbating the development of inflammatory responses and causing various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, designing and manufacturing biomaterials that scavenge ROS has emerged an important approach for restoring ROS homeostasis, limiting inflammatory responses and protecting the host against damage. This review systematically outlines the dynamic balance of ROS production and clearance under physiological conditions. We focus on the mechanisms by which ROS regulate cell signaling proteins and how these cell signaling proteins further affect inflammation. Furthermore, we discuss the use of potential and currently available-biomaterials that scavenge ROS, including agents that were engineered to reduce ROS levels by blocking ROS generation, directly chemically reacting with ROS, or catalytically accelerating ROS clearance, in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Finally, we evaluate the challenges and prospects for the controlled production and material design of ROS scavenging biomaterials.