Oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease

• Published in: Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, West) Vol. 34; no. 6; pp. 975 - 991
• Main Authors: Daenen, Kristien, Andries, Asmin, Mekahli, Djalila, Van Schepdael, Ann, Jouret, François, Bammens, Bert
• Format: Journal Article Web Resource
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.06.2019; Springer; Springer Nature B.V; Springer Verlag
• Subjects: Adaptation; Analysis; Animals; Antioxidants; Arteriosclerosis; Cardiovascular disease; Children; Chronic kidney disease; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Diseases; DNA; Human health sciences; Humans; Kidney diseases; Kidneys; Lipids; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Mitochondria; Nephrology; Oxidation; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - physiology; Pediatric research; Pediatrics; Physiological aspects; Reactive oxygen species; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - physiopathology; Review; Sciences de la santé humaine; Signal transduction; Therapeutic applications; Transduction; Urologie & néphrologie; Urology; Urology & nephrology; Belgium; Antioxidants; Oxidative stress; Cardiovascular disease; Chronic kidney disease
• ISSN: 0931-041X; 1432-198X; 1432-198X
• DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4005-4

Oxidative stress (OS), defined as disturbances in the pro-/antioxidant balance, is harmful to cells due to the excessive generation of highly reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species. When the balance is not disturbed, OS has a role in physiological adaptations and signal transduction. However, an excessive amount of ROS and RNS results in the oxidation of biological molecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Oxidative stress has been reported in kidney disease, due to both antioxidant depletions as well as increased ROS production. The kidney is a highly metabolic organ, rich in oxidation reactions in mitochondria, which makes it vulnerable to damage caused by OS, and several studies have shown that OS can accelerate kidney disease progression. Also, in patients at advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), increased OS is associated with complications such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and anemia. In this review, we aim to describe OS and its influence on CKD progression and its complications. We also discuss the potential role of various antioxidants and pharmacological agents, which may represent potential therapeutic targets to reduce OS in both pediatric and adult CKD patients.