Fire regimes and potential bioenergy loss from agricultural lands in the Indo-Gangetic Plains

• Published in: Journal of environmental management Vol. 148; pp. 10 - 20
• Main Authors: Vadrevu, Krishna, Lasko, Kristofer
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 15.01.2015; Academic Press Ltd
• Subjects: Agricultural fires; Agricultural land; Agriculture; Agriculture - methods; Air pollution; Air Pollution - prevention & control; Analysis; Bioenergy; biogas; biomass; Biomass energy; burning; burning season; Combustion; Conservation of Natural Resources; Crop residues; crop yield; Crops; Crops, Agricultural; data collection; Electric potential; electric power; energy; Environmental management; Environmental Monitoring - statistics & numerical data; ethanol production; farmers; Farming; Farms; fire regime; Fires; Geographical Locations; Humans; India; Land use; moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; MODIS; Monte Carlo method; Oryza sativa; planning; primary productivity; probability; recycling; Renewable energy; Residues; rice; satellites; summer; Sustainability; Triticum aestivum; wheat; India; Agricultural fires; Bioenergy; Crop residues; Sustainability; MODIS
• ISSN: 0301-4797; 1095-8630; 1095-8630
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.12.026

Agricultural fires in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) are a major cause of air pollution. In this study, we evaluate fire regimes and quantify the potential of agricultural residues in generating bioenergy that otherwise are subject to burning by local farmers in the region. For characterizing the fire regimes, we used MODIS satellite datasets in conjunction with IRS-AWiFS classified data. We collected crop statistical data for area, production, and yield for 31 different crops and mapped the bioenergy potential of agricultural residues. We also tested the MODIS net primary production (NPP) dataset potential for crop yield estimation and thereby bioenergy calculations. Results from land use-fire analysis suggested that 88.13% of fires occurred in agricultural areas. Relatively more fires and burnt areas were recorded during the winter rice residue burning season than the summer wheat residue burning season. Monte Carlo analysis suggested that nearly 16.5 Tg of crop residues are burned at 60% probability. MODIS NPP data could explain 62% of variation in field-level crop yield estimates. Our analysis revealed that in the IGP nearly 73.28 Tg of crop residue biomass is available for recycling. The energy equivalent from these residues is estimated to be 1110.77 PJ. From the residues, the biogas potential production is estimated to be 1165.1098 million m3, the electric power potential at 20% efficiency is estimated at 61698.9 kWh, and the total bioethanol production potential at 21.0 billion liters. Results also highlight geographic locations of bioenergy resources in the IGP useful for energy planning. Controlling agricultural residue burning and promoting the bioenergy sector is an attractive “win–win” strategy in the IGP. •In the Indo-Ganges (IG), 88.13% of fires occur in agricultural areas.•MODIS data suggested highest burnt areas during winter season.•Bioenergy potential of crop residues has been mapped at a district level.•MODIS net primary production data could explain 62% variation in crop yield estimates.•Nearly 73.28 Tg of crop residues are available for recycling in the IG region for bioenergy.