Associations among dietary non-fiber carbohydrate, ruminal microbiota and epithelium G-protein-coupled receptor, and histone deacetylase regulations in goats

• Published in: Microbiome Vol. 5; no. 1; p. 123
• Main Authors: Shen, Hong, Lu, Zhongyan, Xu, Zhihui, Chen, Zhan, Shen, Zanming
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 19.09.2017; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Analysis; Animal Feed - analysis; Animals; Bacteria; Biodegradation; Biosynthesis; Cellulose; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates - metabolism; Dietary Fiber - metabolism; Dietary intake; Dietary modulation; DNA; Epithelium; Epithelium - microbiology; Epithelium - physiology; Fatty acids; Fermentation; G protein-coupled receptors; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology; Gene expression; Goats; Goats - metabolism; Goats - microbiology; Health aspects; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Histone deacetylase; Histone deacetylases; Histone Deacetylases - genetics; Histone Deacetylases - metabolism; Homeostasis; Lactates; Lactic acid; Livestock; Metabolism; Metabolites; Microbe–host interactions; Microbiota; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Physiological aspects; Physiology; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - genetics; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - metabolism; RNA; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - metabolism; rRNA 16S; Rumen; Rumen - cytology; Rumen - microbiology; Rumen - physiology; Rumen microbiota; Signal transduction; Transcriptome; Rumen microbiota; Epithelium physiology; Microbe–host interactions; Histone deacetylases; Dietary modulation; G-protein-coupled receptors
• ISSN: 2049-2618; 2049-2618
• DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0341-z

Diet-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the rumen have broad effects on the health and growth of ruminants. The microbe-G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR) and microbe-histone deacetylase (HDAC) axes might be the major pathway mediating these effects. Here, an integrated approach of transcriptome sequencing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was applied to investigate the synergetic responses of rumen epithelium and rumen microbiota to the increased intake of dietary non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) from 15 to 30% in the goat model. In addition to the analysis of the microbial composition and identification of the genes and signaling pathways related to the differentially expressed GPRs and HDACs, the combined data including the expression of HDACs and GPRs, the relative abundance of the bacteria, and the molar proportions of the individual SCFAs were used to identify the significant co-variation of the SCFAs, clades, and transcripts. The major bacterial clades promoted by the 30% NFC diet were related to lactate metabolism and cellulose degradation in the rumen. The predominant functions of the GPR and HDAC regulation network, under the 30% NFC diet, were related to the maintenance of epithelium integrity and the promotion of animal growth. In addition, the molar proportion of butyrate was inversely correlated with the expression of HDAC1, and the relative abundance of the bacteria belonging to Clostridum_IV was positively correlated with the expression of GPR1. This study revealed that the effects of rumen microbiota-derived SCFA on epithelium growth and metabolism were mediated by the GPR and HDAC regulation network. An understanding of these mechanisms and their relationships to dietary components provides better insights into the modulation of ruminal fermentation and metabolism in the promotion of livestock production.