Pollution Status of Pakistan: A Retrospective Review on Heavy Metal Contamination of Water, Soil, and Vegetables

• Published in: BioMed research international Vol. 2014; no. 2014; pp. 1 - 29
• Main Authors: Mehmood, Zahid, Sajjad, Ashif, Iqbal, Farhat, Arshad, Jahanzaib, Nafees, Muhammad, Murtaza, Ghulam
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 01.01.2014; John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subjects: Chromium; Construction; Contamination; Drinking water; Environment; Environmental aspects; Environmental Pollution - analysis; Food chain; Food contamination & poisoning; Groundwater; Health aspects; Heavy metals; Humans; Lead content; Metals, Heavy - analysis; Pakistan; Population; Public Health; Review; Soil (material); Soil - chemistry; Soil contamination; Studies; Vegetables; Vegetables - chemistry; Water - chemistry; Water pollution; Pakistan; Karachi Pakistan
• ISSN: 2314-6133; 2314-6141; 2314-6141
• DOI: 10.1155/2014/813206

Trace heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, and mercury, are important environmental pollutants, particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. In addition to these metals, copper, manganese, iron, and zinc are also important trace micronutrients. The presence of trace heavy metals in the atmosphere, soil, and water can cause serious problems to all organisms, and the ubiquitous bioavailability of these heavy metal can result in bioaccumulation in the food chain which especially can be highly dangerous to human health. This study reviews the heavy metal contamination in several areas of Pakistan over the past few years, particularly to assess the heavy metal contamination in water (ground water, surface water, and waste water), soil, sediments, particulate matter, and vegetables. The listed contaminations affect the drinking water quality, ecological environment, and food chain. Moreover, the toxicity induced by contaminated water, soil, and vegetables poses serious threat to human health.