Hydrogen cyanamide induces grape bud endodormancy release through carbohydrate metabolism and plant hormone signaling

• Published in: BMC genomics Vol. 20; no. 1; p. 1034
• Main Authors: Liang, Dong, Huang, Xiaojing, Shen, Yanqiu, Shen, Tian, Zhang, Huifen, Lin, Lijin, Wang, Jin, Deng, Qunxian, Lyu, Xiulan, Xia, Hui
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 30.12.2019; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Abscisic acid; Abscisic Acid - metabolism; Amines; Amylases; Analysis; Auxins; Biosynthesis; Buds; Carbohydrate; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbohydrates; Catalase; Cellular signal transduction; Chilling; Computational Biology - methods; Cooling; Cyanamide - metabolism; Cytokinins; Encyclopedias; Endodormancy release; Enzymatic activity; Enzyme activity; Enzymes; Fructokinase; Gene expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Ontology; Genes; Genetic research; Genomes; Genomics; Gibberellins; Glutathione; Glutathione peroxidase; Granule-bound starch synthase; Grape; Grapes; Grapevines; Hexokinase; Hormones; Hydrogen; Hydrogen - metabolism; Hydrogen cyanamide; Hydrogen peroxide; Indoleacetic acid; Invertase; Kinases; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolism; Ontology; Oxidase; Oxidases; Peroxidase; Peroxides; Phosphates; Photosynthesis; Phytohormones; Plant Dormancy; Plant Growth Regulators - metabolism; Plant hormone; Plant hormones; Plant Proteins - metabolism; Polyamine oxidase; Polyamines; Proteins; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; Signal Transduction; Starch; Starch - metabolism; Starch synthase; Sucrose; Sucrose phosphate synthase; Sugar; Sugars - metabolism; Superoxide dismutase; Superoxides; Technology; Technology assessment; Transcriptome; Vitis - physiology; Water treatment; Winter; α-Amylase; β-Amylase; China; Plant hormone; Carbohydrate; Endodormancy release; Grape; Hydrogen cyanamide
• ISSN: 1471-2164; 1471-2164
• DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6368-8

Grape buds exhibit non-uniform, or delayed, break in early spring in subtropical regions because the accumulation of chilling is insufficient. Hydrogen cyanamide (H CN , HC) can partially replace chilling to effectively promote bud sprouting and is used widely in warm winter areas. However, the exact underlying mechanism of grape bud release from endodormancy induced by HC remains elusive. In this study, the transcriptome of grape winter buds under in vitro conditions following HC and water treatment (control) was analyzed using RNA-seq technology. A total of 6772 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Furthermore, the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that starch and sucrose metabolism and plant hormone signaling transduction were most enriched out of the 50 total pathways. HC treatment induced the upregulated expression of sucrose synthase (SUS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), α-amylase (AM), and β-amylase (BM) and downregulated expression of sucrose invertase (INV), hexokinase (HK), fructokinase (FK), soluble starch synthase (SS), and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS). Hence, the starch concentration in the HC-treated group was significantly lower than that in control, whereas soluble sugar content in the HC-treated group increased quickly and was higher than that in control between 0 and 8 d. The concentration of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and zeatin (ZT) increased, whereas that of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) decreased in HC treated group, which coincided with the expression level of genes involved in above hormone signals. The content of hydrogen peroxide (H O ) and enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were increased in grape buds with HC treatment, whereas catalase (CAT) activity was decreased. HC treatment increased the expression of POD, SOD, primary amine oxidase (PAO), polyamine oxidase (PAOX), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Based on these results, it is possible to propose a mechanistic model that underlies the regulation of endodormancy release in grapevine buds by exogenous HC application.