Principles and innovative technologies for decrypting noncoding RNAs: from discovery and functional prediction to clinical application

• Published in: Journal of hematology and oncology Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 109 - 27
• Main Authors: Sun, Yu-Meng, Chen, Yue-Qin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 10.08.2020; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Cancer; Chromatin - genetics; Classification; Databases, Genetic; Diagnostic kits; Functional ncRNA discovery; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Genomes; Health aspects; Hematology; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Identification; Identification and classification; Mammals; Methods; Microarray Analysis; Models, Genetic; ncRNA database; Neoplasms - genetics; Neoplasms - metabolism; Next-generation sequencing; Non-coding RNA; Novel ncRNAs; Oncology; Open Reading Frames - genetics; Organ Specificity; Principles; Protein Biosynthesis; Proteins; Review; Ribosomes - metabolism; RNA; RNA sequencing; RNA, Neoplasm - genetics; RNA, Neoplasm - physiology; RNA, Untranslated - classification; RNA, Untranslated - genetics; RNA, Untranslated - isolation & purification; RNA, Untranslated - physiology; RNA-Seq; Sequencing technologies; Single-Cell Analysis; Structure; Subcellular Fractions - chemistry; Subcellular localization; Transcription, Genetic; China; ncRNA database; Sequencing technologies; Diagnostic kits; Functional ncRNA discovery; Subcellular localization; Novel ncRNAs
• ISSN: 1756-8722; 1756-8722
• DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00945-8

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a large segment of the transcriptome that do not have apparent protein-coding roles, but they have been verified to play important roles in diverse biological processes, including disease pathogenesis. With the development of innovative technologies, an increasing number of novel ncRNAs have been uncovered; information about their prominent tissue-specific expression patterns, various interaction networks, and subcellular locations will undoubtedly enhance our understanding of their potential functions. Here, we summarized the principles and innovative methods for identifications of novel ncRNAs that have potential functional roles in cancer biology. Moreover, this review also provides alternative ncRNA databases based on high-throughput sequencing or experimental validation, and it briefly describes the current strategy for the clinical translation of cancer-associated ncRNAs to be used in diagnosis.