Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke: A Nested Case–Control Study in Sweden

• Published in: Environmental health perspectives Vol. 130; no. 3; pp. 37007 - 11
• Main Authors: Schillemans, Tessa, Donat-Vargas, Carolina, Lindh, Christian H., de Faire, Ulf, Wolk, Alicja, Leander, Karin, Åkesson, Agneta
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 01.03.2022; Environmental Health Perspectives
• Subjects: Age; Blood; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Case studies; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral infarction; Cholesterol; Chromatography; Clinical Medicine; Cohort Studies; Contaminants; Environmental effects; Female; Food contamination & poisoning; Heart attacks; Heart diseases; Humans; Investigations; Ischemia; Klinisk medicin; Laboratories; Lipids; Liquid chromatography; Mammography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Medical and Health Sciences; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Metabolism; Myocardial infarction; Myocardial Infarction - chemically induced; Myocardial Infarction - epidemiology; Perfluoroalkyl & polyfluoroalkyl substances; Perfluorochemicals; Plasma; Pollutants; Population studies; Quadrupoles; Quality control; Response rates; Risk; Risk Factors; Scientific imaging; Self report; Stroke; Stroke - chemically induced; Stroke - epidemiology; Sweden - epidemiology; Triglycerides; Validation studies; Womens health; Sweden; Germany
• ISSN: 0091-6765; 1552-9924; 1552-9924
• DOI: 10.1289/EHP9791

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread and persistent pollutants that have been associated with elevated cholesterol levels. However, data on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) is lacking. We investigated the association of exposure to PFAS with risk of myocardial infarction and stroke and, subsidiary, with baseline blood lipids. This population-based nested case-control study included first incident myocardial infarction and stroke cases with matched controls from two Swedish cohorts: the Swedish Mammography Cohort-Clinical (SMC-C) and the Cohort of 60-year-olds (60YO). Baseline blood sampling occurred during 2003-2009 and 1997-1999 with follow-up through 2017 and 2014 for the SMC-C and the 60YO, respectively. Eight plasma PFAS concentrations were measured using targeted liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Five of these were quantifiable in both cohorts; individual values and their standardized sum were categorized into tertiles based on the controls. First incident myocardial infarction ( ) and ischemic stroke ( ) cases were ascertained via linkage to the National Inpatient Register and the Cause of Death Register. Controls were randomly selected from each cohort after matching for age, sex, and sample date. Baseline blood lipids were measured in plasma or serum after overnight fasting. Among the 1,528 case-control subjects, the mean (standard deviation) age was 66 (7.7) y and 67% of them were women. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, the third tertile of the standardized sum of five PFAS associated with higher cholesterol and lower triglyceride levels among controls at baseline ( ). The corresponding results were [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53, 0.93] for CVD, 0.60 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.92) for myocardial infarction, and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.46, 1.50) for stroke. This study indicated that exposure to PFAS, although associated with increased cholesterol levels, did not associate with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or their composite end point. The findings improve our knowledge on potential health effects of environmental contaminants in the CVD context. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9791.