Ribosomal L1 domain-containing protein 1 coordinates with HDM2 to negatively regulate p53 in human colorectal Cancer cells

• Published in: Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Vol. 40; no. 1; p. 245
• Main Authors: Ding, Li, Zhang, Zhiping, Zhao, Chenhong, Chen, Lei, Chen, Zhiqiang, Zhang, Jie, Liu, Yaxian, Nie, Yesen, He, Yanzhi, Liao, Kai, Zhang, Xinyue
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 06.08.2021; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Analysis; Animals; Apoptosis; Biotechnology; Cell cycle; Cell growth; Colorectal cancer; Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics; Colorectal Neoplasms - metabolism; Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology; Disease Models, Animal; Drug development; Female; Gene expression; Gene Knockdown Techniques; HCT116 Cells; HDM2; Heterografts; Humans; Laboratory animals; Ligases; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; mRNA stability; Nucleolar protein; p53; Pregnancy Proteins - metabolism; Protein-protein interactions; Protein-RNA interaction; Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 - genetics; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 - metabolism; Reagents; Ribosomal Proteins - metabolism; RNA; RSL1D1; Senescence; Transfection; Tumor proteins; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - genetics; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - metabolism; Tumors; Ubiquitin; China; Beijing China; United States > US; Cell proliferation; HDM2; RSL1D1; Ubiquitination; Cell survival; Nucleolar protein; Protein-protein interaction; Protein-RNA interaction; mRNA stability; p53
• ISSN: 1756-9966; 0392-9078; 1756-9966
• DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02057-8

Ribosomal L1 domain-containing protein 1 (RSL1D1) is a nucleolar protein that is essential in cell proliferation. In the current opinion, RSL1D1 translocates to the nucleoplasm under nucleolar stress and inhibits the E3 ligase activity of HDM2 via direct interaction, thereby leading to stabilization of p53. Gene knockdown was achieved in HCT116 , HCT116 , and HCT-8 human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by siRNA transfection. A lentiviral expression system was used to establish cell strains overexpressing genes of interest. The mRNA and protein levels in cells were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot analyses. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis were determined by MTT, PI staining, and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assays, respectively. The level of ubiquitinated p53 protein was assessed by IP. The protein-RNA interaction was investigated by RIP. The subcellular localization of proteins of interest was determined by IFA. Protein-protein interaction was investigated by GST-pulldown, BiFC, and co-IP assays. The therapeutic efficacy of RSL1D1 silencing on tumor growth was evaluated in HCT116 tumor-bearing nude mice. RSL1D1 distributed throughout the nucleus in human CRC cells. Silencing of RSL1D1 gene induced cell cycle arrest at G1/S and cell apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner. RSL1D1 directly interacted with and recruited p53 to HDM2 to form a ternary RSL1D1/HDM2/p53 protein complex and thereby enhanced p53 ubiquitination and degradation, leading to a decrease in the protein level of p53. Destruction of the ternary complex increased the level of p53 protein. RSL1D1 also indirectly decreased the protein level of p53 by stabilizing HDM2 mRNA. Consequently, the negative regulation of p53 by RSL1D1 facilitated cell proliferation and survival and downregulation of RSL1D1 remarkably inhibited the growth of HCT116 tumors in a nude mouse model. We report, for the first time, that RSL1D1 is a novel negative regulator of p53 in human CRC cells and more importantly, a potential molecular target for anticancer drug development.