Anti-herpes simplex virus activities of monogalactosyl diglyceride and digalactosyl diglyceride from Clinacanthus nutans, a traditional Thai herbal medicine

• Published in: Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine Vol. 6; no. 3; pp. 192 - 197
• Main Authors: Pongmuangmul, Sirada, Phumiamorn, Supaporn, Sanguansermsri, Phanchana, Wongkattiya, Nalin, Fraser, Ian Hamilton, Sanguansermsri, Donruedee
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.03.2016; Regional Medical Sciences Center Nakhonswan, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Health, Nakhonswan 60130, Thailand%Institute of Biological Products, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand%Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand%Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand%School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia%Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
• Subjects: 1;Herpes; 2;Antiviral; activity; Antiviral activity; Clinacanthus nutans; Digalactosyl diglyceride; diglyceride;Clinacanthus; diglyceride;Digalactosyl; Glycoglycerolipids; Glycoglycerolipids;Monogalactosyl; Herpes simplex virus 1; Herpes simplex virus 2; Herpes simplex virus type 1; Herpes simplex virus type 2; Monogalactosyl diglyceride; nutans;Herpes; simplex; type; virus; Herpes simplex virus type 1; Digalactosyl diglyceride; Glycoglycerolipids; Antiviral activity; Monogalactosyl diglyceride; Herpes simplex virus type 2; Clinacanthus nutans
• ISSN: 2221-1691; 2588-9222
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.12.014

Objective: To evaluate the monogalactosyl diglyceride(MGDG) and digalactosyl diglyceride(DGDG) from Clinacanthus nutans(C. nutans) for their in vitro antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) and type 2(HSV-2) by plaque reduction assay.Methods: MGDG and DGDG were extracted with chloroform from C. nutans leaves.MGDG and DGDG were separated from chloroform crude extract using column chromatography, characterized by thin layer chromatography and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The anti HSV-1 and 2 activity against pre-treatment and posttreatment of the compounds was evaluated using plaque reduction assay. The cytotoxicity of the extract and the compounds on Vero cells were performed by MTT assay.Results: MGDG and DGDG obtained by column chromatography showed identical profiles as standard MGDG and standard DGDG using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans showed 100%inhibition of HSV-1 replication at the post step of infection at noncytotoxic concentration with IC50 values of 36.00 and 40.00 mg/m L, and HSV-2 at 41.00 and 43.20 mg/mL,respectively. Moreover, MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans were demonstrated to have antiherpes simplex activity at the same level as standard synthetic compounds. In contrast, pretreatment of Vero cells with MGDG and DGDG before HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection did not show inhibitory effect against these viruses. MGDG and DGDG exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-1 with selectivity index of 26.00 and 23.00 and HSV-2 of 23.30 and 21.30.Conclusions: MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans, a traditional Thai herbal medicine illustrated inhibitory activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2, probably by inhibiting the late stage of multiplication, suggesting their promising use as anti-HSV agents.