Largescale mullet (Planiliza macrolepis) can recover from thermal pollution-induced malformations

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 13; no. 11; p. e0208005
• Main Authors: Shao, Yi Ta, Chuang, Shang-Ying, Chang, Hao-Yi, Tseng, Yung-Che, Shao, Kwang-Tsao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 29.11.2018; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Acclimatization - physiology; Analysis; Animals; Aquaculture; Aquaculture - methods; Aquaculture industry; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomarkers; Cold; Conservation; Conservation of Natural Resources - methods; Deformation mechanisms; Diagnostic imaging; Earth Sciences; Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Electric power plants; Environmental impact; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollution - adverse effects; Experiments; Exposure; Fish; Fish conservation; Fish populations; Fishery conservation; Fishes; Fishes - physiology; Fishing; Gene expression; High temperature; Hot Temperature - adverse effects; Marine biology; Marine fish; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metabolism; Nuclear energy; Nuclear facilities; Nuclear power plants; Physical Sciences; Physiology; Pollution; Radiography; Smegmamorpha - physiology; Taiwan; Temperature; Temperature effects; Thermal pollution; Vertebra; Vertebrae; Water Pollution - adverse effects; Water temperature; Taiwan
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208005

It is well known in aquaculture that hyperthermic perturbations may cause skeleton malformations in fish, but this phenomenon has rarely been documented in wild species. One rare location where thermal pollution has increased the proportion of malformed fish in wild population is in the waters near the Kuosheng Nuclear Power Plant in Taiwan. At this site, the threshold temperature and critical exposure time for inducing deformations have not been previously determined. In addition, it was unclear whether juvenile fish with thermal-induced malformations are able to recover when the temperature returns below the threshold. In the present study, juvenile largescale mullet (Planiliza macrolepis) were kept at temperatures ranging from 26°C and 36°C for 1-4 weeks, after which malformed fish were maintained at a preferred temperature of 26°C for another 8 weeks. The vertebrae bending index (VBI) of fish was increased after 2 weeks at 36°C, and deformed vertebral columns were detected by radiography after 4 weeks. However, malformations were not observed in groups kept at or below 34°C. Moreover, at the end of the recovery period, both the VBI and the vertebrae malformations had returned to normal. The results of this study may help to more precisely determine potential environmental impacts of thermal pollution and raise the possibility that the capacity for fish vertebrae to recover from the impacts of chronic thermal exposures may be an important consideration in marine fish conservation.