Darunavir-cobicistat versus lopinavir-ritonavir in the treatment of COVID-19 infection (DOLCI): A multicenter observational study

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 17; no. 5; p. e0267884
• Main Authors: Elmekaty, Eman Zeyad I, Alibrahim, Rim, Hassanin, Rania, Eltaib, Sitelbanat, Elsayed, Ahmed, Rustom, Fatima, Mohamed Ibrahim, Mohamed Izham, Abu Khattab, Mohammed, Al Soub, Hussam, Al Maslamani, Muna, Al-Khal, Abdullatif
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 04.05.2022; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adult; Antiretroviral drugs; Antiviral agents; Antiviral drugs; Biology and Life Sciences; Clinical trials; Cobicistat; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - drug therapy; Darunavir - therapeutic use; Data collection; Drug Combinations; Drug interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electronic health records; Electronic medical records; Female; Health services; HIV Infections; Humans; Infections; Laboratories; Lopinavir; Lopinavir - therapeutic use; Male; Medical research; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mortality; Observational studies; Pandemics; Patients; Pneumonia; Research and Analysis Methods; Retrospective Studies; Ritonavir; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Signs and symptoms; Treatment Outcome; Viral diseases; Qatar
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267884

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an evolving pandemic that urged the need to investigate various antiviral therapies. This study was conducted to compare efficacy and safety outcomes of darunavir-cobicistat versus lopinavir-ritonavir in treating patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This retrospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted on adult patients hospitalized in one of the COVID-19 facilities in Qatar. Patients were included if they received darunavir-cobicistat or lopinavir-ritonavir for at least three days as part of their COVID-19 treatments. Data were collected from patients' electronic medical records. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of time to clinical improvement and/or virological clearance. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used at alpha level of 0.05. A total of 400 patients was analyzed, of whom 100 received darunavir-cobicistat and 300 received lopinavir-ritonavir. Majority of patients were male (92.5%), with a mean (SD) time from symptoms onset to start of therapy of 7.57 days (4.89). Patients received lopinavir-ritonavir had significantly faster time to clinical improvement and/or virological clearance than patients received darunavir-cobicistat (4 days [IQR 3-7] vs. 6.5 days [IQR 4-12]; HR 1.345 [95%CI: 1.070-1.691], P = 0.011). Patients received lopinavir-ritonavir had significantly faster time to clinical improvement (5 days [IQR 3-8] vs. 8 days [IQR 4-13]; HR 1.520 (95%CI: 1.2-1.925), P = 0.000), and slower time to virological clearance than darunavir-cobicistat (25 days [IQR 15-33] vs. 21 days [IQR 12.8-30]; HR 0.772 (95%CI: 0.607-0.982), P = 0.035). No significant difference in the incidence or severity of adverse events between groups. The study was limited to its retrospective nature and the possibility of covariates, which was accounted for by multivariate analyses. In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, early treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir was associated with faster time to clinical improvement and/or virological clearance than darunavir-cobicistat. Future trials are warranted to confirm these findings. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04425382.