Altered dynamics between neural systems sub-serving decisions for unhealthy food

• Published in: Frontiers in neuroscience Vol. 8; p. 350
• Main Authors: He, Qinghua, Xiao, Lin, Xue, Gui, Wong, Savio, Ames, Susan L, Xie, Bin, Bechara, Antoine
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 04.11.2014; Frontiers Media S.A
• Subjects: Addictions; Addictive behaviors; Adolescents; Brain research; Cortex (insular); Decision making; Dopamine; Eating; Eating behavior; Education; Food; food choice; Food consumption; Frontal gyrus; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Gambling; Impulsivity; insula; Iowa Gambling Task (IGT); Laboratories; Mental task performance; Neuroimaging; Neuroscience; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Obesity; Prefrontal cortex; Schizophrenia; Self-Control; Studies; Sugar; Teenagers; Vegetables; Weight control; Young adults; Hong Kong China; Beijing China; United States > US; China; Eating; Self-Control; insula; Iowa Gambling Task (IGT); food choice
• ISSN: 1662-4548; 1662-453X; 1662-453X
• DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00350

Using BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques, we examined the relationships between activities in the neural systems elicited by the decision stage of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and food choices of either vegetables or snacks high in fat and sugar. Twenty-three healthy normal weight adolescents and young adults, ranging in age from 14 to 21, were studied. Neural systems implicated in decision-making and inhibitory control were engaged by having participants perform the IGT during fMRI scanning. The Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire, a food frequency questionnaire, was used to obtain daily food choices. Higher consumption of vegetables correlated with higher activity in prefrontal cortical regions, namely the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and lower activity in sub-cortical regions, namely the right insular cortex. In contrast, higher consumption of fatty and sugary snacks correlated with lower activity in the prefrontal regions, combined with higher activity in the sub-cortical, insular cortex. These results provide preliminary support for our hypotheses that unhealthy food choices in real life are reflected by neuronal changes in key neural systems involved in habits, decision-making and self-control processes. These findings have implications for the creation of decision-making based intervention strategies that promote healthier eating.