Illegal recreational fishing causes a decline in a fishery targeted species (Snapper: Chrysophrys auratus) within a remote no-take marine protected area

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 14; no. 1; p. e0209926
• Main Authors: Harasti, David, Davis, Tom R, Jordan, Alan, Erskine, Luke, Moltschaniwskyj, Natalie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 01.01.2019; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Abundance; Animals; Biodiversity; Biology and Life Sciences; Cameras; Chrysophrys auratus; Commercial fishing; Conservation of Natural Resources; Earth Sciences; Ecology; Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Enforcement; Engineering and Technology; Fish; Fisheries; Fishes; Fishing; Illegal fishing; Laws, regulations and rules; Marine biology; Marine ecosystems; Marine parks; Marine protected areas; Models, Biological; Perciformes; Ports; Protected areas; Protection and preservation; Recreation; Rocks; Sport fishing; Studies; Surveillance; Underwater; Vessels; Australia
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209926

One role of Marine Protected Areas is to protect biodiversity; however, illegal fishing activity can reduce the effectiveness of protection. Quantifying illegal fishing effort within no-take MPAs is difficult and the impacts of illegal fishing on biodiversity are poorly understood. To provide an assessment of illegal fishing activity, a surveillance camera was deployed at the Seal Rocks no-take area within the Port Stephens-Great Lakes Marine Park from April 2017-March 2018. To assess impacts of illegal fishing activity in the no-take area, Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems (BRUVs) were used to quantify abundance and size of snapper Chrysophrys auratus from 2011-2017. BRUVs were also deployed at two nearby fished locations and two other no-take areas to allow comparison. Over 12 months of camera surveillance, a total of 108 recreational vessels were observed illegally fishing within the no-take area (avg 9.0 ± 0.9 per month). The greatest number of vessels detected in a single month was 14 and the longest a vessel was observed fishing was ~ 6 hours. From 2011-2017, the abundance of C. auratus within the Seal Rocks no-take area significantly declined by 55%, whilst the abundance within the other fished areas and no-take areas did not significantly decline over the same period. Lengths of C. auratus in the Seal Rocks no-take area were significantly smaller in 2017 compared to 2013 which was driven by a decline in the number of legal sized fish over 30 cm. Based on mean number of illegal fishers per vessel recorded in the no-take area, and an allowable bag limit of 10 C. auratus per person, it is possible that more than 2,000 C. auratus are removed annually from this no-take area. There is a strong likelihood that illegal recreational fishing is causing a reduction on a fishery targeted species within a no-take MPA and measures need to be implemented to reduce the ongoing illegal fishing pressure.