Non-Classical Monocytes and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) Correlate with Coronary Artery Calcium Progression in Chronically HIV-1 Infected Adults on Stable Antiretroviral Therapy

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 11; no. 2; p. e0149143
• Main Authors: Zungsontiporn, Nath, Tello, Raquel R, Zhang, Guangxiang, Mitchell, Brooks I, Budoff, Matthew, Kallianpur, Kalpana J, Nakamoto, Beau K, Keating, Sheila M, Norris, Philip J, Ndhlovu, Lishomwa C, Souza, Scott A, Shikuma, Cecilia M, Chow, Dominic C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 11.02.2016; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Adult; Adults; Aging; AIDS; Anti-Retroviral Agents - therapeutic use; Antibodies; Antiretroviral agents; Antiretroviral drugs; Antiretroviral therapy; Apolipoproteins; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Beads; Biology; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - blood; Body mass; Calcification (ectopic); Calcinosis - physiopathology; Calcium; Calcium - metabolism; Cardiology; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - complications; Cardiovascular Diseases - drug therapy; CAT scans; Chemokine CCL2 - blood; Cholesterol; Chronic infection; Comorbidity; Computed tomography; Coronary artery; Coronary vessels; Coronary Vessels - pathology; Coronary Vessels - physiopathology; Correlation; Correlation analysis; Cryopreservation; Cytometry; Data processing; Development and progression; Diabetes mellitus; Disease Progression; Diseases; Drug therapy; Family medical history; Female; Flow cytometry; Hawaii; Health aspects; Health risks; Heart diseases; High density lipoprotein; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV; HIV infections; HIV Infections - blood; HIV Infections - complications; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV patients; HIV-1; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Hypertension; Immune response; Infections; Inflammation; Interleukin; Interleukin 6; Lipoproteins (high density); Longitudinal Studies; Male; Medical research; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Middle Aged; Monocyte chemoattractant protein; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; Monocytes; Monocytes - cytology; Phenotype; Proteins; Sensitivity analysis; Smoking; Studies; Therapy; Thrombosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Veins & arteries; Hawaii; San Francisco California; California; United States > US
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149143

Persistent inflammation and immune activation has been hypothesized to contribute to increased prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with chronic HIV infection. In this study, we examined the correlation of peripheral monocyte subsets and soluble biomarkers of inflammation to coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression, as measured by cardiac computed tomography scan. We conducted a longitudinal analysis utilizing baseline data of 78 participants with HIV infection on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Hawaii Aging with HIV-Cardiovascular study who had available baseline monocyte subset analysis as well as CAC measurement at baseline and at 2-year follow up. Monocyte phenotypes were assessed from cryopreserved blood by flow cytometry and plasma was assayed for soluble biomarkers using antibody-coated beads in a high sensitivity Milliplex Luminex platform. Change in CAC over 2 years was analyzed as the primary outcome variable. Of all monocyte subsets and biomarkers tested, higher non-classical monocyte percentage (ρ = 0.259, p = 0.022), interleukin (IL)-6 (ρ = 0.311, p = 0.012), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (ρ = 0.524, p = <0.001) were significantly correlated to higher 2-year CAC progression in unadjusted Spearman's correlation. Non-classical monocyte percentage (ρ = 0.247, p = 0.039), and MCP-1 (ρ = 0.487, p = <0.001), remained significantly correlated to 2-year CAC progression, while IL-6 was not (ρ = 0.209, p = 0.120) after adjustment for age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, total/HDL cholesterol ratio, smoking history, and BMI. The percentage of non-classical monocytes and plasma MCP-1 levels were independently associated with CAC progression and may be related to the progression of atherosclerosis and increased CVD risk associated with chronic HIV infection on stable ART.