Prostate cancer epigenetic biomarkers: next-generation technologies

• Published in: Oncogene Vol. 34; no. 13; pp. 1609 - 1618
• Main Authors: Valdés-Mora, F, Clark, S J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 26.03.2015; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 38/43; 45/15; 45/47; 45/61; 49/15; 49/23; 49/91; 5-Methylcytosine - analysis; 631/67/589/466; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Cancer; Cell Biology; Development and progression; DNA Methylation; DNA sequencing; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenetic inheritance; Epigenetics; Gene regulation; Genetic aspects; Genetic research; Genomes; Genomics; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Histones - metabolism; Human Genetics; Humans; Internal Medicine; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Methods; MicroRNAs - analysis; Molecular modelling; Nucleotide sequence; Nucleotide sequencing; Oncology; Oncology, Experimental; Prostate cancer; Prostatic Neoplasms - genetics; review
• ISSN: 0950-9232; 1476-5594
• DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.111

Cancer is caused by a combination of genetic alterations and gross changes to the epigenetic landscape that together result in aberrant cancer gene regulation. Therefore, we need to fully sequence both the cancer genome and the matching cancer epigenomes before we can fully integrate the suite of molecular mechanisms involved in initiation and progression of cancer. A further understanding of epigenetic aberrations has a great potential in the next era of molecular genomic pathology in cancer detection and treatment in all types of cancer, including prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss the most common epigenetic aberrations identified in prostate cancer with the biomarker potential. We also describe the innovative and current epigenomic technologies used for the identification of epigenetic-associated changes in prostate cancer and future translational applications in molecular pathology for cancer detection and prognosis.