适宜微喷灌灌水频率及氮肥量提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率

为明确微喷水肥一体化条件下灌溉次数和氮肥用量对冬小麦产量形成和水分利用的影响,该试验在灌水定额1 500 m3/hm2下设置微喷2次（拔节期750 m3/hm2＋开花期750 m3/hm2）、3次（拔节期450 m3/hm2＋开花期750 m3/hm2＋灌浆期300 m3/hm2）、4次（拔节期450 m3/hm2＋孕穗期300 m3/hm2＋开花期450 m3/hm2＋灌浆期300 m3/hm2）和氮肥追施45、90、135 kg/hm2处理,N肥随灌水等量分次施入,考察群体光合特性、物质生产和水分利用特征。结果表明：微喷3次和4次相比于微喷2次,产量提高了5.3%～18.9%,水分利用效率...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in农业工程学报 Vol. 32; no. 5; pp. 88 - 95
Main Author 张英华 张琪 徐学欣 李金鹏 王彬 周顺利 刘立均 王志敏
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 中国农业大学农学院,北京,100193%泰安丰园灌溉科技有限公司,泰安,271039 2016
Subjects
产量
作物
冬小麦
微喷次数
氮肥
水分利用
灌溉
产量
nitrogen fertilizers
water utilization
作物
micro-sprinkling times
crops
winter wheat
灌溉
irrigation
微喷次数
yield
氮肥
冬小麦
水分利用
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Summary:为明确微喷水肥一体化条件下灌溉次数和氮肥用量对冬小麦产量形成和水分利用的影响,该试验在灌水定额1 500 m3/hm2下设置微喷2次（拔节期750 m3/hm2＋开花期750 m3/hm2）、3次（拔节期450 m3/hm2＋开花期750 m3/hm2＋灌浆期300 m3/hm2）、4次（拔节期450 m3/hm2＋孕穗期300 m3/hm2＋开花期450 m3/hm2＋灌浆期300 m3/hm2）和氮肥追施45、90、135 kg/hm2处理,N肥随灌水等量分次施入,考察群体光合特性、物质生产和水分利用特征。结果表明：微喷3次和4次相比于微喷2次,产量提高了5.3%～18.9%,水分利用效率提高了5.3%～27.8%,但微喷3次与4次之间差异不显著。适当增加微喷次数提高了开花期和灌浆期群体绿色叶面积指数,延缓了叶片衰老,提高了生育后期干物质积累,增加了千粒质量,进而提高了籽粒产量;多次微喷（3次或4次）降低了总耗水量和开花前耗水比例,提高了开花后耗水比例;适当增施氮肥能进一步提高花后物质积累和花后耗水比例。综合来看,1 500 m3/hm2灌溉定额下微喷4次,追施氮肥90 kg/hm2产量和水分利用效率较高。
Bibliography:11-2047/S
irrigation; nitrogen fertilizers; crops; winter wheat; micro-sprinkling times; yield; water utilization
Reducing the loss of irrigation water and increasing water use efficiency（WUE） are important problems needed to be solved in current wheat production. Micro-irrigation can realize a small amount of irrigation for many times and the integration of water and fertilizer. It has been applied in wheat production in recent years. However, the effect of micro-sprinkling times and nitrogen application rate on yield formation and water utilization in winter wheat is poorly understood. In this study, field experiments were conducted from October 2012 to June 2014 at the Wuqiao Experimental Station of China Agricultural University in Cangzhou, Heibei Province（37°41＇ N, 116°37＇ E）. In 2012-2013, micro-sprinkling 2 times（S2, 750 m3/hm2 irrigation water applied at jointing and anthesis, respectively）, 3 times（S3-1, 450, 300 and 750 m3/hm2 irrigation water applied at jointing, booting and anthesis, respectively; S
ISSN:1002-6819
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.05.013