气力滚筒式水稻直播精量排种器的设计与试验

为适应杂交水稻精量穴直播的种植要求,采用窝眼充种、多吸孔吸种、气吹清种、护种带护种及气力清堵等方式,设计了一种气力滚筒式水稻穴直播精量排种器。以黄华占破胸芽种为播种对象,采用四因数三水平正交试验设计方法,研究了窝眼形状、滚筒转速、吸室真空度和清种气流强度对排种器排种性能的影响,并进行了窝眼形状对杂交稻品种的播种适应性试验。试验结果表明:影响排种器性能的主次因素依次为窝眼形状、滚筒转速、清种气流强度和吸室真空度,且在窝眼形状为圆锥形、滚筒转速为10 r/min、清种气流强度为17.03 m/s、吸室真空度为4 kPa时,排种器的合格率((3±1)粒/穴)为85.47%,漏播率(小于2粒...

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Published in农业工程学报 Vol. 31; no. 1; pp. 11 - 19
Main Author 张顺 夏俊芳 周勇 翟建波 郭洋民 张秀梅 吴昊
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 华中农业大学工学院,武汉,430070 2015
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Summary:为适应杂交水稻精量穴直播的种植要求,采用窝眼充种、多吸孔吸种、气吹清种、护种带护种及气力清堵等方式,设计了一种气力滚筒式水稻穴直播精量排种器。以黄华占破胸芽种为播种对象,采用四因数三水平正交试验设计方法,研究了窝眼形状、滚筒转速、吸室真空度和清种气流强度对排种器排种性能的影响,并进行了窝眼形状对杂交稻品种的播种适应性试验。试验结果表明:影响排种器性能的主次因素依次为窝眼形状、滚筒转速、清种气流强度和吸室真空度,且在窝眼形状为圆锥形、滚筒转速为10 r/min、清种气流强度为17.03 m/s、吸室真空度为4 kPa时,排种器的合格率((3±1)粒/穴)为85.47%,漏播率(小于2粒/穴)为3.6%,空穴率为0.4%,重播率(大于4粒/穴)为10.93%,平均穴距为199.37 mm(理论穴距为200 mm),穴距变异系数为6.10%,种子破损率为1.08%,满足杂交水稻精量穴直播的种植要求。采用相同的窝眼形状和运行参数,试播外形几何尺寸有一定差异的冈优364、汕优63和丰源优2723个杂交品种的破胸芽种,合格率均达到或超过85.07%,漏播率均不大于4%,空穴率均不大于0.67%,试验结果表明圆锥形窝眼对不同杂交稻品种具有一定的播种适应性。该研究为窝眼式水稻穴直播精量排种器的设计提供了理论参考依据。
Bibliography:With the adjustment of social industrial structure and the rising cost of rural labor, especially the lack of freshwater resources, rice direct seeding is characterized by cost-saving advantages compared to rice transplanting. The planting area of rice direct seeding is enlarged during the last several decades. In order to meet the direct seeding requirements (2-4 seeds per hole) of hybrid rice, a unique pneumatic cylinder-type precision metering device was designed, which combined the features of socket-filling, vacuum suction, air-blowing, rubber guard and pneumatic clear plugging. This paper described the working principle of metering device, determined the key structure parameters, and established the mechanical model of single rice seed during the air-blowing clearing process of air nozzle. Based on pre-experiments, the socket shape, cylinder speed, vacuum degree, and air-blowing strength were the main impact factors of the metering device performance. In bench test, the hybrid rice bud seed Huanghuazhan
ISSN:1002-6819
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.01.002