不同养分管理模式对小麦产量和氮肥效率的影响

提高单位面积产量是满足我国小麦需求的主要途径。基于田间长期定位试验,分析了过去低投入、当前集约化高投入和优化投入3种养分管理模式对小麦生长发育和氮肥效率的影响。结果表明：低投入的氮肥偏生产力高,但小麦分蘖能力、地上部生物量累积、氮吸收和产量均受到影响,两季平均产量只有3.79 t/hm^2;优化投入在保证小麦产量的基础上比高投入减少20%~46%的化肥和7 t/hm^2的牛粪,显著提高氮肥偏生产力,二者两季平均产量分别为9.27、9.28 t/hm^2,平均氮肥偏生产力分别为68、27 kg/kg;高投入中大量的养分投入增加了无效分蘖的发生和营养生长阶段氮的奢侈吸收,不利于小麦产量的进一步提高...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in广东农业科学 Vol. 44; no. 4; pp. 7 - 13
Main Author 刘瑞丽 王欢 张晓宁 张宏彦
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京,100193 2017
Subjects
产量
分蘖
地上部生物量
小麦
氮吸收
氮肥偏生产力
氮肥偏生产力
产量
分蘖
小麦
氮吸收
地上部生物量
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ISSN1004-874X
DOI10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2017.04.002

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Summary:提高单位面积产量是满足我国小麦需求的主要途径。基于田间长期定位试验,分析了过去低投入、当前集约化高投入和优化投入3种养分管理模式对小麦生长发育和氮肥效率的影响。结果表明：低投入的氮肥偏生产力高,但小麦分蘖能力、地上部生物量累积、氮吸收和产量均受到影响,两季平均产量只有3.79 t/hm^2;优化投入在保证小麦产量的基础上比高投入减少20%~46%的化肥和7 t/hm^2的牛粪,显著提高氮肥偏生产力,二者两季平均产量分别为9.27、9.28 t/hm^2,平均氮肥偏生产力分别为68、27 kg/kg;高投入中大量的养分投入增加了无效分蘖的发生和营养生长阶段氮的奢侈吸收,不利于小麦产量的进一步提高。因此,优化肥料用量和施肥时期是保证小麦产量和提高氮肥效率的基础。
Bibliography:44-1267/S
wheat; yield; tillering; aboveground biomass; nitrogen uptake; nitrogen partial productivity
LIU Rui-li, WANG Huan, ZHANG Xiao-ning, ZHANG Hong-yan （ College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China ）
The effects of different nutrient management systems,including historical low-input,modern intensive high-input and optimum-input,on wheat growth and nitrogen use efficiency were evaluated in a longterm field experiment. The results indicated that： nitrogen partial productivity was obviously high in low-input system related to low nutrient rate,but wheat tillering,aboveground biomass accumulation,nitrogen uptake and yield were negatively affected by nutrient deficiency. Mean wheat yield inlow-input system of the two study years was only 3.79 t/hm^2. Based on root-zone nutrient management,20% of 46% of chemical fertilizer and total cattle manure were saved in optimum-input system,compared with high-input system,with no yield penalty,and significantly imp
ISSN:1004-874X
DOI:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2017.04.002