Comparison of the main components and bioactivity of Rhus verniciflua Stokes extracts by different detoxification processing methods

• Published in: BMC complementary and alternative medicine Vol. 18; no. 1; p. 242
• Main Authors: Lee, Seon-Ok, Kim, Sung-Ji, Kim, Ju-Sung, Ji, Hyuk, Lee, Eun-Ok, Lee, Hyo-Jeong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 30.08.2018; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Acids; Allergens; AMP; AMP-activated protein kinase; Anti-Infective Agents - analysis; Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology; Anticancer properties; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - analysis; Antioxidants - chemistry; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Bioactive compounds; Biological activity; Cancer; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival - drug effects; Comparative analysis; Constituents; Detoxification; Detoxification therapy (Alternative medicine); Dietary supplements; Fatty liver; Fermentation; Fisetin; Flavonoids - analysis; Flavonoids - chemistry; Food; Food allergies; Fustin; Gallic acid; Humans; Kinases; Lipogenesis; Lipogenesis - drug effects; Liver; Medicine; Methods; Microorganisms; Models, Biological; Natural & organic foods; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Phenols - analysis; Phenols - chemistry; Plant Extracts - analysis; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Polyphenols; Properties; Proteins; Quercetin; Rhus - chemistry; Rhus verniciflua; Rhus verniciflua Stokes; Sterol regulatory element-binding protein; Toxicodendron; South Korea; United States > US; Rhus verniciflua Stokes; Fisetin; Fermentation; Detoxification; Fustin
• ISSN: 1472-6882; 1472-6882
• DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2310-x

Rhus verniciflua Stokes is an Asian tree species that is used as a food supplement and traditional medicine in Korea. However, its use is restricted by its potential to cause allergy. Thus, allergen-free R. verniciflua extracts are currently being marketed as a functional health food in Korea. In the present study, three different allergen-free R. verniciflua extracts (DRVE, FRVE, and FFRVE) were produced by detoxification of R. verniciflua, and their properties and constituents were compared. The main components and properties (antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and hepatic lipogenesis inhibitory effects) of the three allergen-free extracts were compared. Moreover, the major phenolic constituents of R. verniciflua, including gallic acid, fustin, fisetin, and quercetin, were analyzed in the three extracts. DRVE was superior to the two other extracts with regard to antioxidant activity, while FRVE was superior with regard to antimicrobial activity and suppression of hepatic lipogenesis. FRVE exhibited lipid-lowering effects by lowering sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and triglyceride levels, and promoting the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and AMP-activated protein kinase in an in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver. Overall, our findings demonstrate various differences among the three extracts. This suggests that functional and bioactive compounds present in R. verniciflua could be altered by the detoxification process, and this property could be considered in the development of functional health foods in the future.