干湿交替灌溉下水氮耦合对沸石处理稻田产量和水氮利用的影响

为了明确斜发沸石在干湿交替稻田中的应用潜力,运用离心机法测定不同斜发沸石处理下稻田土壤水分特征曲线,分析了斜发沸石对土壤持水性能的影响;运用自动遮雨棚蒸渗仪进行了灌溉-施氮-沸石的综合水稻栽培试验,明确了斜发沸石和氮肥对干湿交替稻田阳离子交换量、产量、水氮利用率及稻米蛋白质含量的影响及机理。结果表明：稻田土壤基质势在-35～0 k Pa范围内,增施斜发沸石可明显提高土壤持水性能,改善土壤水分状况,在持续淹灌和干湿交替灌溉条件下均能提高水分生产率,且后者更为明显;增施斜发沸石可增强土壤阳离子交换量,从而提高保肥能力和氮肥利用率,尤其是10～15 t/hm2的斜发沸石同105 kg/hm2的氮肥混...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in农业工程学报 Vol. 32; no. 22; pp. 154 - 162
Main Author 陈涛涛 孙德环 张旭东 吴奇 郑俊林 迟道才
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳,110866%东港市灌溉新技术试验站,东港,118300 2016
Subjects
土壤持水率
干湿交替
氮
水分生产率
水稻
沸石
灌溉
阳离子交换量
soil water holding capacity
cation exchange capacity
nitrogen
alternate wetting and drying
水稻
rice
氮
zeolite
灌溉
irrigation
土壤持水率
沸石
阳离子交换量
water productivity
水分生产率
干湿交替
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ISSN1002-6819
DOI10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.22.021

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Summary:为了明确斜发沸石在干湿交替稻田中的应用潜力,运用离心机法测定不同斜发沸石处理下稻田土壤水分特征曲线,分析了斜发沸石对土壤持水性能的影响;运用自动遮雨棚蒸渗仪进行了灌溉-施氮-沸石的综合水稻栽培试验,明确了斜发沸石和氮肥对干湿交替稻田阳离子交换量、产量、水氮利用率及稻米蛋白质含量的影响及机理。结果表明：稻田土壤基质势在-35～0 k Pa范围内,增施斜发沸石可明显提高土壤持水性能,改善土壤水分状况,在持续淹灌和干湿交替灌溉条件下均能提高水分生产率,且后者更为明显;增施斜发沸石可增强土壤阳离子交换量,从而提高保肥能力和氮肥利用率,尤其是10～15 t/hm2的斜发沸石同105 kg/hm2的氮肥混施可显著提高氮肥农艺利用率和稻米蛋白质含量;增施斜发沸石可增产4.7%～16.8%,且可优化水肥耦合,避免在高氮水平下干湿交替灌溉增产效果低于持续淹灌的现象。与常规施氮的淹灌稻田相比,干湿交替灌溉稻田施用10 t/hm2斜发沸石和105 kg/hm2的氮肥,可减少27.8%的耗水量和33.3%的施氮量,增产10.6%,进而显著提高氮肥利用效率（89.2%）和水分生产率（52.5%）,且这些正效应至少可持续2年。
Bibliography:Chen Taotao1, Sun Dehuan2, Zhang Xudong1, Wu Qi1, Zheng Junlin1, Chi Daocai1 （ 1. College of Water Resources, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; 2. Donggang Experimental Station of New Irrigation Technology, Donggang 118300, China）
11-2047/S
zeolite; nitrogen; irrigation; rice; alternate wetting and drying; water productivity; cation exchange capacity; soilwater holding capacity
Increasing demand for maintaining yield with reducing environmental and resource costs challenges conventional rice production. Water inputs can be reduced by the use of alternate wetting and drying （AWD） irrigation. And clinoptilolite zeolite （CZ） benefits farmers through decreasing water inputs and N usages in non-irrigated farmland, however, its performance is rarely reported in paddy field, especially under AWD irrigation. In order to clarify the application potential of CZ under AWD irrigation, an experiment was conducted under automatic canopy lysimeters to determine the effects of CZ on rice grain yield and
ISSN:1002-6819
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.22.021