南极磷虾拖网结构优化设计与网具性能试验

目前中国南极磷虾渔业缺乏专用捕捞网具,针对现有网具与渔船匹配性差、网口扩张较小的主要问题,通过分析多种现用南极磷虾拖网结构及性能,提出了缩短南极磷虾捕捞网具总长度和网身长度的优化方案,自主设计了TN01型4片式小网目南极磷虾拖网。实船海上生产测试结果表明:当曳纲长度小于230 m时,囊网部位后翘影响导鱼效果。当曳纲大于230 m后,随着作业水深增加,囊网所处水深增加,拖网网型展开良好,建议网具浮沉比配备为1:1.1;网口垂直扩张与曳纲收放长度关系无显著相关,拖网航速为1.542 m/s时试验网具网口高度为26~29 m,垂直扩张比达到0.11~0.12;随着曳纲长度由90 m放长到370 m,...

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Published in农业工程学报 Vol. 33; no. 7; pp. 75 - 81
Main Author 冯春雷 刘健 张禹 王永进 张勋 周爱忠 王磊 王鲁民
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院海洋捕捞工程技术研究中心,上海 200090 2017
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Summary:目前中国南极磷虾渔业缺乏专用捕捞网具,针对现有网具与渔船匹配性差、网口扩张较小的主要问题,通过分析多种现用南极磷虾拖网结构及性能,提出了缩短南极磷虾捕捞网具总长度和网身长度的优化方案,自主设计了TN01型4片式小网目南极磷虾拖网。实船海上生产测试结果表明:当曳纲长度小于230 m时,囊网部位后翘影响导鱼效果。当曳纲大于230 m后,随着作业水深增加,囊网所处水深增加,拖网网型展开良好,建议网具浮沉比配备为1:1.1;网口垂直扩张与曳纲收放长度关系无显著相关,拖网航速为1.542 m/s时试验网具网口高度为26~29 m,垂直扩张比达到0.11~0.12;随着曳纲长度由90 m放长到370 m,水平扩张也由14 m扩张到20 m,水平扩张比为0.22~0.32;渔获量对比分析表明,昼夜之间渔获量差异不大,白天平均网次产量为33 t,夜晚平均网次产量为28 t,平均每网次渔获产量为30 t,较同渔区作业渔船(平均每网次产量约20 t)提高约50%。试验网具达到设计预估性能、渔获效率理想,可为进一步自主研发南极磷虾捕捞网具提供参考依据。
Bibliography:11-2047/S
Feng Chunlei, Liu Jian, Zhang Yu, Wang Yongjin, Zhang Xun, Zhou Aizhong, Wang Lei, Wang Lumin (East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Fishing, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China)
The Antarctic krill resource is very abundant in the area surrounding the Antarctic and the total production in China has reached nearly 60 000 t. At present, the existing problems are the lack of exclusive localization fishing gears for Antarctic krill fisheries and the low matching degree between the trawl net and the fishing vessels. Through collecting the production situation of fishery company at home and abroad, 6 kinds of different existing Antarctic krill trawl nets were selected as the experimental prototype. The model test was carried out in the flume of trawl fishing gear in East China Sea Fisheries
ISSN:1002-6819
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.07.010