渭北旱塬果园自然生草对土壤水分及苹果树生长的影响
土壤水分不足是渭北旱塬苹果生产中的首要问题。为了提高果园土壤贮水量,促进果树生长,该试验以果园清耕和人工生草（三叶草）为对照,探讨渭北旱塬果园自然生草（繁缕和牛繁缕群落）对土壤水分及苹果树生长的影响。结果表明：自然生草在苹果开花坐果期可提高0~80 cm土层土壤水分,在幼果膨大期和花芽分化期可提高0~120 cm土层土壤水分,在果实采前膨大期可提高0~160 cm土层土壤水分,而人工生草则降低了土壤水分。自然生草和人工生草主要影响0~80 cm土层土壤水分,且对0~40 cm土层土壤水分影响较大,对120 cm以下土层影响较小。自然生草的土壤蒸散量较人工生草和清耕分别减少了17.30和8.07...
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| Published in | 农业工程学报 Vol. 34; no. 3; pp. 151 - 158 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Chinese |
| Published |
西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,杨凌 712100
2018
中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌 712100%深圳市铁汉生态环境股份有限公司,深圳,518040 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Summary: | 土壤水分不足是渭北旱塬苹果生产中的首要问题。为了提高果园土壤贮水量,促进果树生长,该试验以果园清耕和人工生草（三叶草）为对照,探讨渭北旱塬果园自然生草（繁缕和牛繁缕群落）对土壤水分及苹果树生长的影响。结果表明：自然生草在苹果开花坐果期可提高0~80 cm土层土壤水分,在幼果膨大期和花芽分化期可提高0~120 cm土层土壤水分,在果实采前膨大期可提高0~160 cm土层土壤水分,而人工生草则降低了土壤水分。自然生草和人工生草主要影响0~80 cm土层土壤水分,且对0~40 cm土层土壤水分影响较大,对120 cm以下土层影响较小。自然生草的土壤蒸散量较人工生草和清耕分别减少了17.30和8.07 mm,单果重分别提高了15.46%和6.21%,产量分别提高了21.29%和6.10%,土壤水分利用效率分别提高了25.09%和7.64%。自然生草不但可提高果园土壤贮水量,而且可提高果实单果重与产量,渭北旱塬应积极推广果园自然生草。 |
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| Bibliography: | 11-2047/S The Weibei plateau is one of the most productive regions of apples in China and also in the world. However, annual precipitation in this region is limited and is unevenly distributed over seasons. The deficiency of soil moisture has been the main factor to restrict the production of high-quality apples in the Weibei plateau. Although artificial-planted grass could improve soil organic matter and soil micro-environment, it could also induce competitions of soil moisture and nutrients with fruit trees and further inhibit fruit tree growth and consequently reducing apple yields and quality. On the contrary, self-sown grass has experienced many years of natural selection, more capable of adapting to local ecological environment, which is very likely to improve orchard soil environment and even promote a virtuous cycle in orchard ecosystem. However, there has been quite limited investigation on the potential influence of self-sown grass on soil moisture and apple tree growth in the region of Weibei platea |
| ISSN: | 1002-6819 |
| DOI: | 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.03.020 |