Mechanistic Mathematical Model for In Vivo Aroma Release during Eating of Semiliquid Foods

• Published in: Chemical senses Vol. 33; no. 2; pp. 181 - 192
• Main Authors: Trelea, Ioan Cristian, Atlan, Samuel, Déléris, Isabelle, Saint-Eve, Anne, Marin, Michèle, Souchon, Isabelle
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Oxford University Press 01.02.2008; Oxford Publishing Limited (England); Oxford University Press (OUP)
• Subjects: APCI-MS; Biological and medical sciences; Deglutition - physiology; dynamic model; Eating - physiology; flavor release; Food; Fragaria; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Life Sciences; mass transfer; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Nasal Cavity - physiology; Odorants; Olfaction. Taste; Perception; Pharynx - physiology; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Smell - physiology; swallowing physiology; Yogurt; yogurt; flavor release; APCI-MS; swallowing physiology; dynamic model; mass transfer; Feeding behavior; Swallowing; Flavor; Mass transfer; In vivo; Physiology; Mathematical model; Release; volatil; libération; arome; in vivo
• ISSN: 0379-864X; 1464-3553
• DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjm077

The paper describes a mechanistic mathematical model for aroma release in the oropharynx to the nasal cavity during food consumption. The model is based on the physiology of the swallowing process and is validated with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization coupled with mass spectrometry measurements of aroma concentration in the nasal cavity of subjects eating flavored yogurt. The study is conducted on 3 aroma compounds representative for strawberry flavor (ethyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, and ethyl hexanoate) and 3 panelists. The model provides reasonably accurate time predictions of the relative aroma concentration in the nasal cavity and is able to simulate successive swallowing events as well as imperfect velopharyngeal closure. The most influent parameters are found to be the amount of the residual product in the pharynx and its contact area with the air flux, the volume of the nasal cavity, the equilibrium air/product partition coefficient of the volatile compound, the breath airflow rate, as well as the mass transfer coefficient of the aroma compound in the product, and the amount of product in the mouth. This work constitutes a first step toward computer-aided product formulation by allowing calculation of retronasal aroma intensity as a function of transfer and volatility properties of aroma compounds in food matrices and anatomophysiological characteristics of consumers.