Immunohistochemical expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis in eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma predicts a worse prognosis

• Published in: Indian journal of ophthalmology Vol. 65; no. 11; pp. 1109 - 1113
• Main Authors: Jayaraj, Perumal, Sen, Seema, Dhanaraj, P S, Jhajhria, Romika, Singh, Shalu, Singh, Vijay Kumar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd 01.11.2017; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd; Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
• Subjects: Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous - diagnosis; Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous - metabolism; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Apoptosis; Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism; Care and treatment; Chemotherapy; Chromosomes; College campuses; Diagnosis; Eye Neoplasms - diagnosis; Eye Neoplasms - metabolism; Eyelid; Female; Genes; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lung cancer; Lymphatic system; Male; Medical prognosis; Metastases; Metastasis; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Multivariate analysis; Original; Pathogenesis; Pathology; Prognosis; Prostate cancer; Risk factors; Sebaceous gland; sebaceous gland carcinoma; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms - diagnosis; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms - metabolism; Sebaceous glands; Skin cancer; Solid tumors; Statistical analysis; Survival; Survival analysis; Tumors; X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis; X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein - metabolism; XIAP protein; Zoology
• ISSN: 0301-4738; 1998-3689
• DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_399_17

Overexpression of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins have been demonstrated in a variety and of solid tumors including melanomas and nonmelanomas skin cancers. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is an inhibitor of apoptosis which prevents apoptosis by inhibiting caspases 9, 7, and 3. The prognostic value of XIAP in sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) remains unexplored. The immunohistochemical expression of XIAP was evaluated in 29 SGC cases. The cytoplasmic overexpression of XIAP was detected in 62% SGC cases. XIAP expression was found to be significantly associated with advanced age, large tumor size, and with reduced disease-free survival (P = 0.0174). XIAP expression and advance tumor Grade III emerged as significant risk factors on univariate analysis. On stepwise multivariate analysis, both increased cytoplasmic XIAP expression and high tumor grade were found to be significantly associated with recurrence. Patients with low XIAP immunoexpression had a longer disease-specific survival than those with high expression in the 5-year follow-up. The present study demonstrates at the immunohistochemical level that XIAP is overexpressed in SGC and that high expression could be of biological significance in the development of eyelid SGC. Our finding suggests that up-regulation of XIAP may aggravate tumor metastasis in SGC.