Cortisol, HDL-c, VLDL-c, and APOE Polymorphisms as Laboratorial Parameters Associated to Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (CIND) and Dementia

• Published in: Journal of clinical laboratory analysis Vol. 30; no. 5; pp. 374 - 380
• Main Authors: Lara, Vivian P., Caramelli, Paulo, Teixeira, Antônio L., Barbosa, Maira T., Carmona, Karoline C., Guimarães, Henrique C., Carvalho, Maria G., Fernandes, Ana P., Gomes, Karina B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.09.2016; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; APOE polymorphisms; Apolipoproteins E - genetics; Brazil; Case-Control Studies; Cognition & reasoning; Cognition Disorders - blood; Cognition Disorders - etiology; Cognition Disorders - genetics; cognitive impairment no dementia; cortisol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dementia; Dementia - complications; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Geriatric Assessment; Hormones; Humans; Hydrocortisone - blood; lipid profile; Lipids - blood; Lipoproteins, HDL - blood; Lipoproteins, VLDL - blood; Male; Oldest old people; Polymorphism; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - genetics; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; APOE polymorphisms; cortisol; dementia; cognitive impairment no dementia; lipid profile
• ISSN: 0887-8013; 1098-2825; 1098-2825
• DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21865

Background Population aging is a global phenomenon whose main consequence is the increase of chronic degenerative diseases, including dementia. The aim of this case–control study was to evaluate the laboratorial parameters lipid profile, cortisol, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene genotype, comparing cognitively healthy controls and subjects with cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) and dementia in a group of elderly people. Methods Three hundred and nine individuals enrolled in the Pietà Study (Brazil) were divided into three groups: control (n = 158), CIND (n = 92), and dementia (n = 59). Participants were interviewed, went through examination, and had blood samples taken. Results Age and APOE showed significant differences among the groups, while sex and lipid profile did not. According to multivariate regression logistic analyses, higher cortisol levels, lower high‐density lipoprotein (HDL‐c) and very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL‐c), presence of ε4 allele of APOE, and aging were associated with CIND and dementia. Conclusion These laboratorial parameters are risk factors associated to CIND and dementia in the elderly people and should be investigated in order to develop strategies to prevent or delay the onset of dementia in the oldest‐old populations.