ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 1 , 2 and is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic 3 . Vaccines are an essential countermeasure and are urgently needed to control the pandemic 4 . Here we show that the adenovirus-vector...
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Published in | Nature (London) Vol. 586; no. 7830; pp. 578 - 582 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
22.10.2020
Nature Publishing Group |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019
1
,
2
and is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
3
. Vaccines are an essential countermeasure and are urgently needed to control the pandemic
4
. Here we show that the adenovirus-vector-based vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, which encodes the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, is immunogenic in mice and elicites a robust humoral and cell-mediated response. This response was predominantly mediated by type-1 T helper cells, as demonstrated by the profiling of the IgG subclass and the expression of cytokines. Vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (using either a prime-only or a prime–boost regimen) induced a balanced humoral and cellular immune response of type-1 and type-2 T helper cells in rhesus macaques. We observed a significantly reduced viral load in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lower respiratory tract tissue of vaccinated rhesus macaques that were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 compared with control animals, and no pneumonia was observed in vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected animals. However, there was no difference in nasal shedding between vaccinated and control SARS-CoV-2-infected macaques. Notably, we found no evidence of immune-enhanced disease after viral challenge in vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected animals. The safety, immunogenicity and efficacy profiles of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against symptomatic PCR-positive COVID-19 disease will now be assessed in randomized controlled clinical trials in humans.
The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 induces an immune response in rhesus macaques and leads to reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in respiratory tissues and an absence of pneumonia, but not to a reduction in nasal virus shedding, compared with unvaccinated animals. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 authors who jointly supervised this work NvD, TL, SG and VJM designed the study; NvD, TL, AS, SBR, JNP, JRP, VA, TB, AF, MU, FF, EA, HS, JS, MH, AO, KMW, LPP, NJE, DW, CB, CG, BNW, RR, DL, AI, RK, LR, SM, CP, JL, PH, DS, GS, EdW, SG, VJM acquired, analysed and interpreted the data; NvD, TL, EdW, SG, and VJM wrote the manuscript. All authors have approved the submitted version. equally contributing authors Author contributions |
ISSN: | 0028-0836 1476-4687 |
DOI: | 10.1038/s41586-020-2608-y |