Gait assessment using a 2D video-based motion analysis app in healthy subjects and subjects with lower limb amputation – A pilot study

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 20; no. 5; p. e0324499
• Main Authors: Doerks, Frithjof, Harms, Fenna, Schwarze, Michael, Jakubowitz, Eike, Welke, Bastian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 30.05.2025; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Accuracy; Adult; Algorithms; Amputation; Amputation, Surgical; Amputations of leg; Ankle; Ankle Joint - physiology; Biomechanical engineering; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biomechanics; Clinical medicine; Computer vision; Data analysis; Demographic aspects; Evaluation; Female; Fitness equipment; Gait; Gait - physiology; Gait Analysis - methods; Health aspects; Healthy Volunteers; Hip; Hip joint; Humans; Joints (anatomy); Kinematics; Knee; Knee Joint - physiology; Laboratories; Lower Extremity - surgery; Male; Middle Aged; Mobile Applications; Motion capture; Optoelectronics; Patient outcomes; Physiological aspects; Pilot Projects; Pose estimation; Prostheses; Range of Motion, Articular - physiology; Running; Smartphones; Three dimensional analysis; Three dimensional motion; Treadmills; Two dimensional analysis; Variability; Walking; Walking - physiology; Germany
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324499

Although three-dimensional marker-based motion analysis is the gold standard for biomechanical investigations, it is time-consuming and cost-intensive. The conjunction of monocular video recordings with pose estimation algorithms addresses this gap. With the Orthelligent VISION app (OPED GmbH) a commercial and easy-to-use tool is now available for implementation in everyday clinical practice. The study investigates the accuracy of the 2D video-based system in measuring joint kinematics, expressed as range of motion, compared to an optoelectronic 3D motion analysis system as the gold standard. Its accuracy was determined by synchronously measuring ten healthy subjects with Orthelligent and the optoelectronic 3D motion analysis system Qualisys (Qualisys AB) during level walking and at different treadmill walking speeds (1 m/s; 1.4 m/s; 1.8 m/s). Range of motion (RoM) of lower limb joints and time-distance parameters were compared using Bland-Altman plots, t-tests, and correlations between systems. Kinematic outputs of two subjects with a lower limb amputation were also analyzed. The mean RoM deviation was smaller for the knee (3.8°) and hip joints (3.7°) than for the ankle joint (5.4°), but differed significantly between systems in most conditions. The correlation range was 0.36 ≤ r ≤ 0.83, with best results for 1 m/s treadmill walking (mean r = 0.71 across joints). While the accuracy was affected by high inter-subject variability, individual RoM changes from slow to fast walking did not differ between the systems. The kinematics of the prosthetic and sound leg of individuals with an amputation exhibited characteristic patterns in the video-based system, even though side differences were smaller compared to the optoelectronic measurement. The rather high inter-subject variability would make future comparisons between individuals challenging. Nonetheless, the app shows potential for intra-subject progress monitoring.