Contemplation on marking scheme for Type X multiple choice questions, and an illustration of a practically applicable scheme

• Published in: Indian journal of pharmacology Vol. 48; no. 2; pp. 114 - 121
• Main Authors: Siddiqui, Nazeem, Bhavsar, Vinayak, Bhavsar, Arnav, Bose, Sukhwant
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India Wolters Kluwer - Medknow Publications 01.03.2016; Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
• Subjects: Achievement tests; Cognition & reasoning; Educational Forum; Educational Measurement - methods; Health education; Humans; India; Medical personnel; Methods; Performance-based assessment; Test methods; Tests, problems and exercises; Distracter recognition; Type X multiple choice questions; guessing behavior; marking schemes
• ISSN: 0253-7613; 1998-3751
• DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.178836

Ever since its inception 100 years back, multiple choice items have been widely used as a method of assessment. It has certain inherent limitations such as inability to test higher cognitive skills, element of guesswork while answering, and issues related with marking schemes. Various marking schemes have been proposed in the past but they are not balanced, skewed, and complex, which are based on mathematical calculations which are typically not within the grasp of medical personnel. Type X questions has many advantages being easy to construct, can test multiple concepts/application/facets of a topic, cognitive skill of various level of hierarchy can be tested, and unlike Type K items, they are free from complicated coding. In spite of these advantages, they are not in common use due to complicated marking schemes. This is the reason we explored the aspects of methods of evaluation of multiple correct options multiple choice questions and came up with the simple, practically applicable, nonstringent but logical scoring system for the same. The rationale of the illustrated marking scheme is that it takes into consideration the distracter recognition ability of the examinee rather than relying on the ability only to select the correct response. Thus, examinee's true knowledge is tested, and he is rewarded accordingly for selecting a correct answer and omitting a distracter. The scheme also penalizes for not recognizing a distracter thus controlling guessing behavior. It is emphasized that if the illustrated scoring scheme is adopted, then Type X questions would come in common practice.