Ramifications of adolescent menstrual cycles ≥42 days in young adults

• Published in: Fertility and sterility Vol. 96; no. 1; pp. 236 - 240.e1
• Main Authors: Morrison, John A., Ph.D, Glueck, Charles J., M.D, Daniels, Stephen, M.D., Ph.D, Wang, Ping, Ph.D, Stroop, Davis, M.Sc
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.07.2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adolescence; Adolescent; adolescents; Adult; Age Factors; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Glucose - metabolism; BMI; Body Composition - physiology; Body Mass Index; centripetal obesity; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; free testosterone; girls; glucose; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA insulin resistance; homeostasis; Humans; insulin; insulin resistance; Insulin Resistance - physiology; Internal Medicine; Longitudinal Studies; Medical sciences; menstrual cycle; Menstrual Cycle - blood; Menstrual Cycle - metabolism; Metabolic diseases; Obesity; Obstetrics and Gynecology; patients; prasterone; Prospective Studies; schools; Time Factors; waist; waist circumference; Waist Circumference - physiology; Young Adult; young adults; Adolescence; centripetal obesity; insulin; HOMA insulin resistance; menstrual cycle; free testosterone; BMI; Endocrinopathy; Human; Obesity; Androgen; Menstrual cycle; Gynecology; Nutrition disorder; Metabolic diseases; Insulin; Obstetrics; Body mass index; Target tissue resistance; Testosterone; Adolescent; Young adult; Insulin resistance; Nutritional status
• ISSN: 0015-0282; 1556-5653
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.04.005

Objective To determine to what degree annual reports from ages 14 to 19 years of menstrual cycles ≥42 days would be associated with increased body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at ages 14–25 years. Design Prospective 11-year follow-up from ages 14 to 25 years. Setting Urban-suburban schools, post–high school. Patient(s) A total of 370 schoolgirls. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) BMI, waist, insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR. Result(s) From ages 14 to 19 years, 269 girls had 0/6 annual reports of menstrual cycles ≥42 days, 74 had 1, 19 had 2, and 8 had ≥3. Among these four categories, girls with ≥3 annual reports had highest free T and DHEAS at age 14, highest BMI and waist at ages 14, 19, and 25, highest insulin at age 25, and highest glucose and HOMA-IR at age 24 years. The number of annual reports of menstrual cycles ≥42 days was positively related to change in BMI and waist and inversely with change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol from ages 14 to 25 years. Conclusion(s) Three or more annual reports of menstrual cycles ≥42 days during ages 14–19 are associated with high BMI, waist circumference, insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR at ages 14–25 years.