The role of psychosocial risk factors in the burden of headache

• Published in: Journal of pain research Vol. 12; pp. 1733 - 1741
• Main Authors: Malmberg-Ceder, Kirsi, Haanpää, Maija, Korhonen, Päivi E, Kautiainen, Hannu, Veromaa, Veera, Soinila, Seppo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New Zealand Dove Medical Press Limited 01.05.2019; Dove; Dove Medical Press
• Subjects: Anxiety; Burn out (Psychology); factor analysis; female employee; Generalized anxiety disorder; Headache; Job stress; Major depressive disorder; Medical research; Original Research; Psychological aspects; Risk factors; Social aspects; Social support; validation; Women; Workers; Working women; Finland; factor analysis; psychosocial; headache; female employee
• ISSN: 1178-7090; 1178-7090
• DOI: 10.2147/JPR.S165263

Psychosocial risk factors are common in headache patients and affect the impact of headache in multiple ways. The aim of our study was to assess how psychosocial risk factors correlate with the headache impact test-6 (HIT-6). To our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate the impact of several psychosocial factors on the HIT-6 score. Our study population consisted of 469 Finnish female employees reporting headache during the past year. Psychosocial risk factors were assessed using validated, self-administered questionnaires: the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) for anxiety, the major depression inventory (MDI) for depressive symptoms, the ENRICHD short social support instrument (ESSI) for social isolation, the cynical distrust scale for hostility and the Bergen burnout indicator (BBI-15) for work stress. Exploratory factor analysis of the HIT-6 scores revealed two factors, one describing psychological and quality of life aspects affected by headache and the other describing severity of pain and functional decline. Internal consistency of the HIT-6 was 0.87 (95%CI: 0.85-0.89). Correlations between the total HIT-6 score and all measured psychosocial risk factors except for hostility were weak, but statistically significant. The HIT-6 questionnaire has good construct validity and it describes reliably and independently the impact of headache without interference of psychosocial factors in general working-aged female population.