Peripheral Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Inverse Agonism Reduces Obesity by Reversing Leptin Resistance

• Published in: Cell metabolism Vol. 16; no. 2; pp. 167 - 179
• Main Authors: Tam, Joseph, Cinar, Resat, Liu, Jie, Godlewski, Grzegorz, Wesley, Daniel, Jourdan, Tony, Szanda, Gergő, Mukhopadhyay, Bani, Chedester, Lee, Liow, Jeih-San, Innis, Robert B., Cheng, Kejun, Rice, Kenner C., Deschamps, Jeffrey R., Chorvat, Robert J., McElroy, John F., Kunos, George
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 08.08.2012
• Subjects: adipocytes; Adipocytes - metabolism; agonistic behavior; agonists; Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents - chemistry; Anti-Obesity Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Obesity Agents - therapeutic use; appetite; Body Weight - drug effects; Drug Inverse Agonism; Drug Resistance - drug effects; energy expenditure; fatty liver; Fatty Liver - drug therapy; Fatty Liver - etiology; Insulin Resistance; kidneys; leptin; Leptin - metabolism; Mice; Molecular Structure; obesity; Obesity - complications; Obesity - drug therapy; Obesity - metabolism; Pyrazoles - chemistry; Pyrazoles - pharmacology; Pyrazoles - therapeutic use; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - agonists; Regression Analysis; risk; secretion; Sulfonamides - chemistry; Sulfonamides - pharmacology; Sulfonamides - therapeutic use; weight loss
• ISSN: 1550-4131; 1932-7420; 1932-7420
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.07.002

Obesity-related leptin resistance manifests in loss of leptin’s ability to reduce appetite and increase energy expenditure. Obesity is also associated with increased activity of the endocannabinoid system, and CB1 receptor (CB1R) inverse agonists reduce body weight and the associated metabolic complications, although adverse neuropsychiatric effects halted their therapeutic development. Here we show that in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO), the peripherally restricted CB1R inverse agonist JD5037 is equieffective with its brain-penetrant parent compound in reducing appetite, body weight, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance, even though it does not occupy central CB1R or induce related behaviors. Appetite and weight reduction by JD5037 are mediated by resensitizing DIO mice to endogenous leptin through reversing the hyperleptinemia by decreasing leptin expression and secretion by adipocytes and increasing leptin clearance via the kidney. Thus, inverse agonism at peripheral CB1R not only improves cardiometabolic risk in obesity but has antiobesity effects by reversing leptin resistance. [Display omitted] ► Peripheral CB1 receptor inverse agonist reduces obesity and its metabolic sequelae ► Peripheral CB1 blockade reduces food intake and body weight via endogenous leptin ► CB1 blockade restores leptin sensitivity by reversing hyperleptinemia of obesity ► Hyperleptinemia is reversed via reduced secretion and increased clearance of leptin