Extrinsic Rewards Diminish Costly Sharing in 3-Year-Olds

• Published in: Child development Vol. 87; no. 4; pp. 1192 - 1203
• Main Authors: Ulber, Julia, Hamann, Katharina, Tomasello, Michael
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2016; Wiley for the Society for Research in Child Development
• Subjects: Behavior; Child Behavior - psychology; Child development; Child psychology; Child, Preschool; Children; Cooperative Behavior; EMPIRICAL ARTICLES; Fairness; Female; Humans; Intrinsic motivation; Motivation; Praise; Preschool children; Prosocial behavior; Reinforcement; Reward; Rewards; Termination
• ISSN: 0009-3920; 1467-8624; 1467-8624
• DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12534

Two studies investigated the influence of external rewards and social praise in young children's fairness-related behavior. The motivation of ninety-six 3-year-olds' to equalize unfair resource allocations was measured in three scenarios (collaboration, windfall, and dictator game) following three different treatments (material reward, verbal praise, and neutral response). In all scenarios, children's willingness to engage in costly sharing was negatively influenced when they had received a reward for equal sharing during treatment than when they had received praise or no reward. The negative effect of material rewards was not due to subjects responding in kind to their partner's termination of rewards. These results provide new evidence for the intrinsic motivation of prosociality—in this case, costly sharing behavior—in preschool children.