Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science

• Published in: Immunity (Cambridge, Mass.) Vol. 52; no. 6; pp. 910 - 941
• Main Authors: Vabret, Nicolas, Britton, Graham J., Gruber, Conor, Hegde, Samarth, Kim, Joel, Kuksin, Maria, Levantovsky, Rachel, Malle, Louise, Moreira, Alvaro, Park, Matthew D., Pia, Luisanna, Risson, Emma, Saffern, Miriam, Salomé, Bérengère, Esai Selvan, Myvizhi, Spindler, Matthew P., Tan, Jessica, van der Heide, Verena, Gregory, Jill K., Alexandropoulos, Konstantina, Bhardwaj, Nina, Brown, Brian D., Greenbaum, Benjamin, Gümüş, Zeynep H., Homann, Dirk, Horowitz, Amir, Kamphorst, Alice O., Curotto de Lafaille, Maria A., Mehandru, Saurabh, Merad, Miriam, Samstein, Robert M., Agrawal, Manasi, Aleynick, Mark, Belabed, Meriem, Brown, Matthew, Casanova-Acebes, Maria, Catalan, Jovani, Centa, Monica, Charap, Andrew, Chan, Andrew, Chen, Steven T., Chung, Jonathan, Bozkus, Cansu Cimen, Cody, Evan, Cossarini, Francesca, Dalla, Erica, Fernandez, Nicolas, Grout, John, Ruan, Dan Fu, Hamon, Pauline, Humblin, Etienne, Jha, Divya, Kodysh, Julia, Leader, Andrew, Lin, Matthew, Lindblad, Katherine, Lozano-Ojalvo, Daniel, Lubitz, Gabrielle, Magen, Assaf, Mahmood, Zafar, Martinez-Delgado, Gustavo, Mateus-Tique, Jaime, Meritt, Elliot, Moon, Chang, Noel, Justine, O’Donnell, Tim, Ota, Miyo, Plitt, Tamar, Pothula, Venu, Redes, Jamie, Reyes Torres, Ivan, Roberto, Mark, Sanchez-Paulete, Alfonso R., Shang, Joan, Schanoski, Alessandra Soares, Suprun, Maria, Tran, Michelle, Vaninov, Natalie, Wilk, C. Matthias, Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio, Bogunovic, Dusan, Cho, Judy, Faith, Jeremiah, Grasset, Emilie, Heeger, Peter, Kenigsberg, Ephraim, Krammer, Florian, Laserson, Uri
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 16.06.2020; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Adaptive immunity; Animals; Betacoronavirus - physiology; Clinical trials; Coronaviridae; Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis; Coronavirus Infections - immunology; Coronavirus Infections - pathology; Coronavirus Infections - therapy; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Cytokines; Disease Susceptibility; Disease transmission; Epidemics; Humans; Immune response; Immunity, Innate; Immunologic Memory; Immunology; Infections; Inflammation - immunology; Inflammation - virology; Lymphocytes - immunology; Middle East respiratory syndrome; Myeloid Cells - immunology; Pandemics; Pathophysiology; Phosphorylation; Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis; Pneumonia, Viral - immunology; Pneumonia, Viral - pathology; Pneumonia, Viral - therapy; Proteins; Respiratory diseases; Review; SARS-CoV-2; Severe acute respiratory syndrome; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Signal transduction; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Viral diseases; Viral infections; Viruses; Zoonoses; China
• ISSN: 1074-7613; 1097-4180; 1097-4180
• DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.002

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide, igniting an unprecedented effort from the scientific community to understand the biological underpinning of COVID19 pathophysiology. In this Review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immunological pathways that likely contribute to disease severity and death. We also discuss the rationale and clinical outcome of current therapeutic strategies as well as prospective clinical trials to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide, igniting an unprecedented effort from the scientific community to understand the biological underpinning of COVID19 pathophysiology. In this Review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immunological pathways that likely contribute to disease severity and death. We also discuss the rationale and clinical outcome of current therapeutic strategies as well as prospective clinical trials to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.