Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes

• Published in: Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.) Vol. 43; no. 8; p. 105
• Main Authors: Bansal, Sheel, Creed, Irena F., Tangen, Brian A., Bridgham, Scott D., Desai, Ankur R., Krauss, Ken W., Neubauer, Scott C., Noe, Gregory B., Rosenberry, Donald O., Trettin, Carl, Wickland, Kimberly P., Allen, Scott T., Arias-Ortiz, Ariane, Armitage, Anna R., Baldocchi, Dennis, Banerjee, Kakoli, Bastviken, David, Berg, Peter, Bogard, Matthew J., Chow, Alex T., Conner, William H., Craft, Christopher, Creamer, Courtney, DelSontro, Tonya, Duberstein, Jamie A., Eagle, Meagan, Fennessy, M. Siobhan, Finkelstein, Sarah A., Göckede, Mathias, Grunwald, Sabine, Halabisky, Meghan, Herbert, Ellen, Jahangir, Mohammad M. R., Johnson, Olivia F., Jones, Miriam C., Kelleway, Jeffrey J., Knox, Sara, Kroeger, Kevin D., Kuehn, Kevin A., Lobb, David, Loder, Amanda L., Ma, Shizhou, Maher, Damien T., McNicol, Gavin, Meier, Jacob, Middleton, Beth A., Mills, Christopher, Mistry, Purbasha, Mitra, Abhijit, Mobilian, Courtney, Nahlik, Amanda M., Newman, Sue, O’Connell, Jessica L., Oikawa, Patty, van der Burg, Max Post, Schutte, Charles A., Song, Changchun, Stagg, Camille L., Turner, Jessica, Vargas, Rodrigo, Waldrop, Mark P., Wallin, Marcus B., Wang, Zhaohui Aleck, Ward, Eric J., Willard, Debra A., Yarwood, Stephanie, Zhu, Xiaoyan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.12.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Biomass; Biomedical and Life Sciences; carbon; Carbon dioxide; climate; Climate change; Coastal Sciences; Complexity; Data collection; Ecology; Ecosystems; Emissions; Environmental Management; Environmental Sciences; Fatty acids; Fluxes; Freshwater & Marine Ecology; Global positioning systems; Global warming; GPS; Greenhouse gases; Hydrogeology; Landscape Ecology; Life Sciences; Mark Brinson Review; Markvetenskap; Mass spectrometry; methane; Miljövetenskap; Nitrous oxide; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Oceanografi, hydrologi, vattenresurser; Oceanography, Hydrology, Water Resources; Oxidation; Peatlands; Productivity; Remote sensing; Respiration; Scientific imaging; soil; Soil Science; Soil water; Vegetation; Wetlands; United States > US; North America; Methane; Water; Decomposition; Biomass; Accumulation; Remote sensing; Dissolved organic carbon; Groundwater; Lateral transport; Greenhouse gas; Porewater; Soil organic carbon; Chambers; Core; Bulk density; Accretion; Sediment; Incubation; Litter; Plants; Radiometric dating; Hydrology; Eddy covariance; Dissolved gas; Carbon cycling; Vegetation; Models; Net primary productivity; Methods; Microbes
• ISSN: 0277-5212; 1943-6246; 1943-6246
• DOI: 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2

Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have been developed to understand and quantify pools and fluxes of wetland C. Sampling approaches range in their representation of wetland C from short to long timeframes and local to landscape spatial scales. This review summarizes common and cutting-edge methodological approaches for quantifying wetland C pools and fluxes. We first define each of the major C pools and fluxes and provide rationale for their importance to wetland C dynamics. For each approach, we clarify what component of wetland C is measured and its spatial and temporal representativeness and constraints. We describe practical considerations for each approach, such as where and when an approach is typically used, who can conduct the measurements (expertise, training requirements), and how approaches are conducted, including considerations on equipment complexity and costs. Finally, we review key covariates and ancillary measurements that enhance the interpretation of findings and facilitate model development. The protocols that we describe to measure soil, water, vegetation, and gases are also relevant for related disciplines such as ecology. Improved quality and consistency of data collection and reporting across studies will help reduce global uncertainties and develop management strategies to use wetlands as nature-based climate solutions.