适当化肥配施有机肥减少稻田氮磷损失及提高产量

为了减少稻田氮磷损失量,并有效利用畜禽固废物,该研究在广东省东江上游典型农业集水区,开展田间不同施肥方式（不施肥、常规施肥、配方施肥1～3）氮磷损失监测及不施肥处理的室内土柱模拟试验。不施肥、常规施肥、配方施肥1～3的肥料施用量分别为：碳铵0、750.0、510.0、472.5、510.0kg/hm2;磷肥0、375.0、255.0、255.0、236.25kg/hm2;尿素0、225.0、172.5、156.0、172.5kg/hm2;有机肥：0、0、1162.5、1162.5、1162.5kg/hm2。通过室内土柱试验,获取不施肥小区氮磷地表径流及淋溶流失量,并结合不施肥小区的田间监测数据...

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Published in农业工程学报 Vol. 29; no. 1; pp. 210 - 217
Main Author 廖义善 卓慕宁 李定强 郭太龙 李俊杰 谢真越
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所,广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广州 510650 2013
Subjects
施肥方式
氮
磷
稻田
试验
调控
施肥方式
fertilization modes
调控
试验
nitrogen
磷
experiments
paddy fields
fertilization controlling
稻田
氮
phosphorus
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Summary:为了减少稻田氮磷损失量,并有效利用畜禽固废物,该研究在广东省东江上游典型农业集水区,开展田间不同施肥方式（不施肥、常规施肥、配方施肥1～3）氮磷损失监测及不施肥处理的室内土柱模拟试验。不施肥、常规施肥、配方施肥1～3的肥料施用量分别为：碳铵0、750.0、510.0、472.5、510.0kg/hm2;磷肥0、375.0、255.0、255.0、236.25kg/hm2;尿素0、225.0、172.5、156.0、172.5kg/hm2;有机肥：0、0、1162.5、1162.5、1162.5kg/hm2。通过室内土柱试验,获取不施肥小区氮磷地表径流及淋溶流失量,并结合不施肥小区的田间监测数据（土样、水样、植株样等）,测算出水稻生长季固氮量为31.54kg/hm2。采用元素守恒的方法,综合考虑氮磷淋溶、流失、氨氮挥发、氮素干湿沉降以及水稻固氮等多方面的影响,构建稻田系统氮、磷损失模型,分别计算出5种不同施肥方式的氮磷损失量。研究表明,配方施肥1、2、3较常规施肥,氮、磷损失量减幅分别为7.7%～30.0%、61.2%～70.8%;氮、磷农学利用率增幅分别为24.6%～84.4%、12.8%～78.9%;实现节支增收分别为2716元/hm2、-2169元/hm2、-1646元/hm2。配方施肥方案可有效减少农田氮磷损失量,其中配方施肥1经济效益、环境效益俱佳,可作为常规施肥的替代方案。该研究综合考虑了整个稻田系统中氮、磷的输入与输出,定量评估不同施肥方式的氮磷损失量、农学利用率及其经济环境效益,可为稻田氮磷损失综合防控提供参考。
Bibliography:11-2047/S
In order to reduce the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from paddy fields and to effectively dispose livestock manure, laboratory and field experiments were conducted in the upper Dongjiang river basin, Guangdong Province, China. The field experiments involved five fertilization rations including no fertilizer, conventional urea fertilizer, and three recipe fertilizers. The fertilizers used in these experiments are Ammonium Bicarbonate, Phosphate fertilizer and Organic manure. In respect of Ammonium Bicarbonate, the application rates for these five treatments were 0, 750.0, 510.0, 472.5 and 510.0 kg/hm2; Phosphate fertilizer were 0, 375.0, 255.0, 255.0 and 236.25 kg/hm2; Urea were 0, 225.0, 172.5.0, 156.0 and 172.5 kg/hm2, and 0, 0, 1162.5, 1162.5 and1162.5 kg/hm2 of organic manure were applied for organic manure. Using simulated soil columns indoors, the losses of runoff, nitrogen and phosphorus were obtained for the paddy fields under the condition of no fertilizer. Combined with the laboratory ex
ISSN:1002-6819
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.033