Exploiting the Freshwater Shrimp Neocaridina denticulata as Aquatic Invertebrate Model to Evaluate Nontargeted Pesticide Induced Toxicity by Investigating Physiologic and Biochemical Parameters

• Published in: Antioxidants Vol. 10; no. 3; p. 391
• Main Authors: Siregar, Petrus, Suryanto, Michael Edbert, Chen, Kelvin H.-C., Huang, Jong-Chin, Chen, Hong-Ming, Kurnia, Kevin Adi, Santoso, Fiorency, Hussain, Akhlaq, Ngoc Hieu, Bui Thi, Saputra, Ferry, Audira, Gilbert, Roldan, Marri Jmelou M., Fernandez, Rey Arturo, Macabeo, Allan Patrick G., Lai, Hong-Thih, Hsiao, Chung-Der
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 05.03.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: acetylcholine; Acetylcholine receptors (nicotinic); Aquatic environment; cardiac activity; Energy metabolism; Experiments; Freshwater resources; Heart; heart rate; Imidacloprid; Immobilization; insecticide; Insecticides; Insects; Invertebrates; Locomotion; locomotion activity; Locomotor activity; Neocaridina denticulata; nerve tissue; Nervous system; Neurotoxicity; Neurotransmission; nicotinic receptors; Nontarget organisms; Oxidative metabolism; Oxidative stress; Pesticides; shrimp; Ventilation; Taiwan; Neocaridina denticulata; shrimp; cardiac activity; insecticide; locomotion activity; ecotoxicity; imidacloprid
• ISSN: 2076-3921; 2076-3921
• DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030391

As a nicotinoid neurotoxic insecticide, imidacloprid (IMI) works by disrupting nerve transmission via nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Although IMI is specifically targeting insects, nontarget animals such as the freshwater shrimp, Neocaridina denticulata, could also be affected, thus causing adverse effects on the aquatic environment. To investigate IMI toxicity on nontarget organisms like N. denticulata, their physiology (locomotor activity, heartbeat, and gill ventilation) and biochemical factors (oxidative stress, energy metabolism) after IMI exposure were examined. IMI exposure at various concentrations (0.03125, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 ppm) to shrimp after 24, 48, 72 h led to dramatic reduction of locomotor activity even at low concentrations. Meanwhile, IMI exposure after 92 h caused reduced heartbeat and gill ventilation at high concentrations. Biochemical assays were performed to investigate oxidative stress and energy metabolism. Interestingly, locomotion immobilization and cardiac activity were rescued after acetylcholine administration. Through molecular docking, IMI demonstrated high binding affinity to nAChR. Thus, locomotor activity and heartbeat in shrimp after IMI exposure may be caused by nAChR blockade and not alterations caused by oxidative stress and energy metabolism. To summarize, N. denticulata serves as an excellent and sensitive aquatic invertebrate model to conduct pesticide toxicity assays that encompass physiologic and biochemical examinations.